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Optimization of a Nanoampere-to-Millivolt Amplifier for Amperometric Electrical Biosensors
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Optimization of a Nanoampere-to-Millivolt Amplifier for Amperometric Electrical Biosensors

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Abstract:

Point-of-care diagnostic systems face challenges because they are mainly designed for laboratory settings. Biosensor detection plays a crucial role in modern healthcare by enabling real-time monitoring of biomolecules, facilitating rapid diagnosis, and allowing for timely interventions. These sensors are vital for various applications, including glucose monitoring, infectious disease detection, and environmental analysis. The reader-disposable approach is gaining popularity in both research and commercial point-of-care devices. Open-source hardware projects based on microcontrollers are increasingly favored for biosensing applications due to their cost-effectiveness and flexibility. However, biosensors that operate in the nanoampere range still encounter issues with power supply, signal amplification, and result display. This research focuses on designing and developing a portable amperometric device for low-current detection. The system includes a multi-stage circuit featuring a voltage converter, voltage amplifier, microcontroller, display, and power supply. A shunt resistor converts input current to voltage, with an op-amp MAX4238 IC amplifying the voltage at a gain of 100. A NodeMCU microcontroller reads the output voltage and displays it on an LCD. For simulation, LTspice, Proteus 8 Pro, and Arduino software are used. Experimental testing involves using a voltage source and variable resistor to verify accuracy, comparing theoretical, simulation, and experimental results. The system demonstrated a sensitivity down to approximately 45 nA, with output linearity maintained across the tested range. The average error margin between experimental and theoretical values remained within ±2.5%. This advancement improves sensitivity in detecting low currents, enhancing point-of-care biosensing applications.

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Periodical:

Engineering Headway (Volume 29)

Pages:

9-15

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-iAs1sf

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Cite this paper

Online since:

November 2025

Authors:

M.N. Afnan Uda, Uda Hashim*, M.N.A. Uda, C. Chiam, N. Parimon, Chai Chang Yii, Lorita Angeline, Achmad Syaifudin, Widyastuti Widyastuti

Keywords:

Amperometric, Biosensor, Low Noise, Milivolt, Nanoampere, Non-Inverting Amplfier

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© 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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* - Corresponding Author

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