The Cellulose Extraction of TKKS Combined Bacterial Cellulose Strengthened with CMC Additives as Raw Materials for Making Environmentally Friendly Paper

Abstract:

The high demand for cellulose paper made from hardwood (trees) is currently causing environmental damage because the hardwood used comes from logging a very large amount of land. This tree felling, if continuously carried out, will result in natural disasters such as floods, landslides and the extinction of some animals due to homelessness, on a large scale can also result in climate change globally due to an increase in geothermal temperatures. This study synthesised TKKS waste mixed with bacterial cellulose with a combination of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25% with the addition of CMC additives to strengthen the morphological quality of the resulting paper surface. The purpose of this study is to process cellulose fibres from TKKS waste mixed with bacterial cellulose reinforced with CMC additives to produce environmentally friendly paper. The addition of CMC additives is intended to improve the morphological properties of the paper surface that has been produced. So that the products produced are expected to have the potential to reduce dependence on paper made from hardwood (trees). The target of this research is to produce products that can be implemented as replacement paper that can be used in the graphic industry and society. The methods used in this study are a combination of mechanical processes, chemical processes, and chemical mechanical combinations. Then Next, conduct a paper feasibility test for writing and printing produced. Paper base material characterization test, paper surface morphology test is carried out to determine the quality of the paper produced.

• Periodical: Engineering Headway (Volume 31)
• Pages: 9-16
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-BjeY0Z
• Online since: January 2026
• Authors: Khairil Anwar*, Efrizal Siregar, Yusnia Sinambela, Salam Irianto Nadeak
• Keywords: Bacterial Cellulose, Cellulose, Paper, TKKS

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