Nature-Inspired Nanoflower Structures on Titanium Surface via Alkali Treatment for Biomedical Applications

Abstract:

Titanium based metallic biomaterials for orthopedic implant applications are often associated with biocompatibility problems which can be ameliorated via proper surface modification strategies. Improving the hydrophilic nature of the titanium surface offers an effective strategy to sort out such limitations by intensifying the cellular activity. Development of titania as well as titanate layers on the titanium surface via alkali treatment represents an effective strategy to improve the hydrophilicity of native titanium surface. Inspired from nature, in the present work, we report the formation of three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical nanoflowers resembling Gomphrena globosa flowers developed on commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) surface via a facile alkali treatment technique. X-ray diffraction studies evidenced anatase and rutile phases of TiO₂ confirming the development of titania on the surface. In addition to the TiO₂ phase, presence of titanate (Na₂Ti₃O₇) has also been observed as alkali treatment was conducted in NaOH solution. The hydrophilicity of the Ti surface has been enhanced after the alkali treatment as evidenced from wettability studies using static contact angle measurements. This increase in hydrophilicity is due to the enrichment of the surface by TiO₂ and titanate and increased roughness of nanoflower surface based on classical Wenzel law. In addition, the alkali-treated surface demonstrated an increased polar surface energy beneficial for biocompatible surfaces.

• Periodical: Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering (Volume 52)
• Pages: 20-28
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/JBBBE.52.20
• Online since: August 2021
• Authors: Jithin Vishnu*, Geetha Manivasagam
• Keywords: Biocompatible Ti, Biomimetic, Hydrophilic, Nanoflowers, Nanostructured TiO₂

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