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Determination of Optimum Wavelength from Absorption Characteristics for Underwater Visible Light Communication in Atlantic Ocean

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Abstract:

Underwater Visible Light Communication (UVLC) has emerged as a promising alternative to acoustic and radio frequency systems for high-speed, low-latency data transmission in aquatic environments. However, its performance is strongly influenced by water optical properties, particularly absorption and scattering, which vary with environmental conditions. The Atlantic Ocean presents unique challenges for UVLC due to high turbidity, salinity, and suspended particles, all of which contribute to significant attenuation of light signals. Attenuation, caused by absorption, scattering, and reflection, reduces signal strength as light propagates through water, making wavelength selection critical for reliable communication. This study investigates the absorption characteristics of Lagos Atlantic waters of Nigeria to determine the optimum wavelength for UVLC. Seawater samples were collected from 7 beaches, namely Atican, Oniru, Tarkwa-Bay, Landmark, Elegushi, Alpha and HOV along the coast of Atlantic Ocean of Lagos. These samples were analysed by measuring their physicochemical properties using a water quality tester and their absorbance spectra through spectrophotometry across the visible spectrum (400–800 nm) at an interval of 50 nm in reference to ionised water (distilled water). Experimental results revealed that absorbance is highest in the wavelength less than 500 nm and lowest in the wavelength greater than 600 nm, with 700 nm identified as the most suitable wavelength for transmission in these waters. The wavelength of 700 nm was then used for the simulation of UVLC in the ocean at data rates of 100 kb/s, 1 Mb/s, 10 Mb/s and 1 Gb/s for transmitting power of 30 mW at different transmission distances. Simulation results confirm good quality of received signals and reduced bit error rates at this wavelength of 700 nm for the waters of all the seven beaches.

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International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa Vol. 80 View Preview

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Periodical:

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa (Volume 80)

Pages:

119-136

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-T7ply1

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Online since:

July 2026

Authors:

Seye Iyebaje*, Akinlolu A. Ponnle, Kazeem B. Adedeji

Keywords:

Absorption, Atlantic Ocean, Attenuation, Data Transmission, Underwater Visible Light Communication, Wavelength

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© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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