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Effect of Saponin, Gemini Surfactant, and Nanoparticle Toward the Water-Based Mud (WBM) Drilling Fluid Properties

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Abstract:

In the oil and gas industry, drilling fluid plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and efficiency of hydrocarbon extraction. It serves multiple purposes, including cooling and lubricating the drill bit, transporting rock cuttings for geological analysis, and optimizing drilling performance. However, water-based muds (WBM) face significant challenges during drilling operations, such as high fluid loss into permeable formations, inadequate sealing properties, and instability of the mud structure, which can lead to sagging and settling of solids. These issues can compromise the efficiency of drilling operations and pose environmental concerns. This study aims to evaluate the impact of additives extracted from fenugreek, commercial saponin polymer, Gemini surfactant (GS), and nanoparticles on the performance of WBM. Key properties examined include plastic viscosity, gel strength, yield point, mud density, fluid loss, mud cake thickness, and interfacial tension (IFT). Notably, IFT plays a pivotal role in improving the sealing capabilities of drilling fluids, reducing fluid loss into permeable formations. IFT indirectly influences sealing properties and fluid loss by interacting with the mud cake formation process, which is the primary barrier preventing fluid invasion into permeable formations. The study achieved an optimal IFT of 22.65 mN/m and the highest yield point of 65 lb/100ft² using 1.6 g of commercial saponin, an environmentally friendly additive suitable for Malaysia's drilling conditions. These results prevent sagging and settling of solids in the drilling mud, enhancing overall performance. The optimal IFT and high yield point combination demonstrated superior effectiveness, ensuring improved sealing properties, minimized fluid loss, and enhanced mud stability compared to other tested conditions.

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1030)

Pages:

59-72

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2wyN7t

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Online since:

November 2025

Authors:

Norida Ridzuan*, Pavithran Ravinchandran, Augustine Agi

Keywords:

Gemini Surfactant, Nanoparticles, Saponin Polymer, Water Based Mud

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© 2025 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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