Paper Titles
Abrasion between Rotary Shaft/Seal Pairs under Extremes of Lunar Highland Regolith Exposure
p.33
Numerical Analysis of an Electro-Viscoelastic Frictional Contact Problem with Damage
p.45
Optimization of a High-Performance Cu2NiGeS4 Solar Cell with an SnS Back Surface Field
p.61
Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Br-Substituted Halide Perovskite KGeBr3-xClx (x = 0, 1, 2, 3): A DFT Study
p.75
Numerical Modelling of a Perovskite Solar Cell: Optical and Electrical Properties
p.85
Comparative Numerical Investigation of SrTiO₃ and PbTe Thermoelectric Materials for Medical Cooling Applications
p.97
A Comparative Study of Al, B, Ga Encapsulation in c-Based Nanomaterial in Li-Ion Batteries: Functional Analysis by DFT Computations
p.109
Structural Characterization of Yttrium-Substituted Lead Phosphate Apatite Synthesized at 825°C: A Systematic XRD Investigation
p.127
Numerical Investigation of Fatigue Crack Propagation in High-Performance Aluminum Alloys
p.141

Comparative Numerical Investigation of SrTiO₃ and PbTe Thermoelectric Materials for Medical Cooling Applications

Article Preview

Abstract:

Thermoelectric cooling (TEC) offers compact, reliable, and eco-friendly thermal management for biomedical and medical refrigeration applications. This numerical study compares SrTiO₃ and PbTe-based TEC modules using a fully coupled electro-thermal finite-element model. Performance metrics include temperature difference-current (ΔT-I), temperature difference-heat load (ΔT-Q), and coefficient of performance under varying operating conditions. Results show that the SrTiO₃ module achieves a maximum temperature difference of ΔTmax ≈ 65.48 K, surpassing PbTe ≈ 52-58 K under similar conditions. The SrTiO₃ module also exhibits a maximum cooling capacity of Qc,max ≈ 8.79 W at ΔT = 0 K. COP analysis reveals superior efficiency for SrTiO₃, reaching ≈ 1.1 at ΔT = 20 K, compared to PbTe < 0.6. Additionally, SrTiO₃ demonstrates enhanced thermal robustness, maintaining stable cooling under increasing heat loads. The superior performance of SrTiO₃ stems from its favorable transport properties (high electrical conductivity and moderate thermal conductivity), combined with non-toxicity, environmental compatibility, and thermal durability-advantages over toxic lead-based alternatives. These findings highlight SrTiO₃ strong potential for next-generation solid-state cooling in localized therapeutic devices, medical refrigeration, and biomedical thermal management. Nomenclature:

You might also be interested in these eBooks
Tribotechnics, Mechatronics and Next-Generation Photovoltaics View Preview

Info:

Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 1061)

Pages:

97-108

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/p-GM9IDi

Citation:

Cite this paper

Online since:

August 2026

Authors:

Akram Kharmouch*, Hicham Bouali, Md.Karmul Hasan, Sabik El Yatim

Keywords:

PbTe, SrTiO₃, Thermal Management, Thermoelectric Cooling

Export:

RIS, BibTeX

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Request Permissions

Permissions PLS:

Request Permissions

Сopyright:

© 2026 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

References

[1] M. Ruhul, A. Bhuiyan, Overcome the future environmental challenges through, (2022) 402–416.

DOI: 10.1049/mna2.12148

Google Scholar

[2] C. Forman, I.K. Muritala, R. Pardemann, B. Meyer, Estimating the global waste heat potential, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 57 (2016) 1568–1579.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.192

Google Scholar

[3] D. Zabek, F. Morini, Solid State Generators and Energy Harvesters for Waste Heat Recovery and Thermal Energy Harvesting, Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep. 2018.11.011.

DOI: 10.1016/j.tsep.2018.11.011

Google Scholar

[4] M. Darwiche, J. Faraj, K. Chahine, A. Shaito, S. Awad, M. Mortazavi, M. Khaled, A comprehensive recent review and practical insights on the usage of advanced materials and enhancement strategies in thermoelectric applications, Results Eng. 24 (2024) 103354.

DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103354

Google Scholar

[5] E.I. Obanor, S.O. Oyedepo, J.E. Dirisu, M.E. John, E.O. Obanor, P.O. Obanor, J.C. Nkwor, Thermal Management in Biomedical Devices : A Review of Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Wearable Technologies, Biomed. Mater. Devices (2025).

DOI: 10.1007/s44174-025-00461-8

Google Scholar

[6] K. Shanmugapriya, B. Palanivel, R. Murugan, Electronic and Thermoelectric Properties of SrTiO3, (2017) 73–79.

DOI: 10.2174/2405465801666161205122758

Google Scholar

[7] H. Ohta, Thermoelectrics based on strontium titanate Thermoelectric energy conversion technology is attracting great, 10(2007)44–49.

DOI: 10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70244-4

Google Scholar

[8] X. Li, X. Luo, M. Wang, T. Lyu, C. Zhang, F. Liu, H. Ma, High-pressure modulation of band gap and microstructure in N-type high-entropy strontium titanate for enhanced thermoelectric performance, (2025).

DOI: 10.20517/microstructures.2024.78

Google Scholar

[9] S. Ohta, T. Nomura, H. Ohta, M. Hirano, H. Hosono, K. Koumoto, Large thermoelectric performance of heavily Nb-doped SrTiO3 epitaxial film at high temperature, 092108 (2010) 1–4.

DOI: 10.1063/1.2035889

Google Scholar

[10] N.C.D.F.T. Approach, P. Moontragoon, Z. Ikonic, Improved Thermoelectric Properties of SrTiO3 via (La, Dy and N) Co-Doping: DFT Approach, (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/ cryst14110942.

DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227923

Google Scholar

[11] W. Zhang, C. Dong, Y. Mao, Y. Zhong, Y. Ye, H. Gu, Z. Bu, C. Ye, C. Zhu, Performance analysis of a thermoelectric cooler based on thermal management, Appl. Therm. Eng. 265 (2025) 125655.

DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.125655

Google Scholar

[12] M.A. Alrefae, Enhanced Performance of a Thermoelectric Module with Heat Pipes for Refrigeration Applications, Energies 18 (2025) 2426.

DOI: 10.3390/en18102426

Google Scholar

[13] A. Kharmouch, M.K. Hasan, E.Y. Sabik, H. Bouali, H. Mamur, M.R. Bhuiyan, Numerical Optimization of Multi-Stage Thermoelectric Cooling Systems Using Bi2Te3 for Enhanced Cryosurgical Applications, Thermo 5 (2025) 22.

DOI: 10.3390/thermo5030022

Google Scholar

[14] K. Hasan, H. Mamur, H. Korucu, E. Bektas, N. Nahid, Optimizing the thermoelectric cooler performance of PbTe through numerical modeling using COMSOL multiphysics, 6 (2026).

DOI: 10.1016/j.thradv.2026.100102

Google Scholar

[15] K. Hasan, M.A. Üstüner, H. Mamur, Enhancing Bi 2Te2 .70Se0 .30 Thermoelectric Module Performance through COMSOL Simulations, (2024) 185–201.

DOI: 10.3390/thermo4020011

Google Scholar

[16] B. Lee, J. Choi, K. Rak, H. Woo, H. Jin, K. Shin, H. Park, Heliyon Evaluation of physicochemical characteristics and centerline temperatures of Sr ceramic waste form, Heliyon 9 (2023) e18406.

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18406

Google Scholar

[17] H. Muta, K. Kurosaki, S. Yamanaka, Thermoelectric properties of doped BaTiO3–SrTiO3 solid solution, J. Alloys Compd. 368 (2004) 22–24.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.07.016

Google Scholar

[18] M.K. Hasan, M.M. Haque, M.A. Üstüner, H. Mamur, M.R.A. Bhuiyan, Optimizing the performance of Bi2Te3 TECs through numerical simulations using COMSOL multiphysics, J. Alloy. Metall. Syst. 5 (2024) 100056.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100056

Google Scholar

[19] M.R. Amin, A. Info, Influence of Leg Geometry on the Performance of Bi2Te3 Thermoelectric Generators, 37 (2024) 1752–1768.

DOI: 10.35378/gujs.1420942

Google Scholar

[20] F. Czerwinski, Aluminum alloys for electrical engineering: a review, Springer US, 2024.

DOI: 10.1007/s10853-024-09890-0

Google Scholar

[21] D. Nagaraj, A. Javed, S. Kumar, S. Goel, Numerical modeling and design performance optimization of thermoelectric coolers for adaptive personal thermal management Figure of Merit, 342 (2025).

DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120045

Google Scholar

[22] S. Fan, A. Rezania, Y. Gao, Thermal-electric and stress analysis of thermoelectric coolers under continuous pulse input current, Appl. Therm. Eng. 214 (2022) 118910.

DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118910

Google Scholar

[23] M. Nesarajah, G. Frey, Thermoelectric Power Generation : Peltier Element versus Thermoelectric Generator, (2016) 4252–4257.

DOI: 10.1109/IECON.2016.7793029

Google Scholar

[24] S. Bao, W. Zhu, L. Liang, M. Zhou, T. Qiu, S. Zhao, Y. Deng, Machine Learning-Driven Reverse Framework Facilitates Application-Oriented Design of Customized Micro Thermoelectric Coolers, Available SSRN 5671960 (n.d.). http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn. 5671960.

DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5671960

Google Scholar

[25] H. Yang, Y. Zhu, H.M.H. Chong, R. Huang, Accurate and efficient design and optimization of thermoelectric cooler via machine learning technologies, Appl. Therm. Eng. 285 (2026) 129224.

DOI: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129224

Google Scholar

[26] T. Parashchuk, N. Sidorenko, L. Ivantsov, A. Sorokin, M. Maksymuk, B. Dzundza, Z. Dashevsky, Development of a solid-state multi-stage thermoelectric cooler, J. Power Sources 496 (2021) 229821.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2021.229821

Google Scholar