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10 0. 15 0. 20 0. 25 0. 30 0. 35 0. 40 Strain Hardening Exponent (n).
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40 Springback Angle (Ast: degree) (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material : M1 Material : M2 Material : M3 Material : M4.
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10 0. 15 0. 20 0. 25 0. 30 0. 35 0. 40 Strain Hardening Exponent (n).
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44 Camber Height (δ: mm) (a) (b) Fig. 3. (a) The effect of strain hardening exponent on the springback angle with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. (b) The effect of strain hardening exponent on the camber height with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. Material: M1 ; n=0. 25 Material: M1 ; n=0. 35 Material: M1 ; n=0. 15 (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material: M2 ; n=0. 25 Material: M2 ; n=0. 15 Material: M2 ; n=0. 35 Thickness (mm) Relative Position - Y Axis (mm) -15. 0 -10. 0 -5. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0.
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10 -15. 0 -10. 0 -5. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0.
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00 Material: M3 ; n=0. 25 Material: M3 ; n=0. 35 Material: M3 ; n=0. 15 (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material: M4 ; n=0. 25 Material: M4 ; n=0. 15 Material: M4 ; n=0. 35 Fig. 4. The effect of strain hardening exponent on the thickness distribution of bend axis with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material : M1 Material : M2 Material : M3 Material : M4.
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00 0. 02 0. 04 0. 06 0. 08 0. 10 Friction Coefficient (µ).
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40 Springback Angle (Ast: degree) (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material : M1 Material : M2 Material : M3 Material : M4.
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00 0. 02 0. 04 0. 06 0. 08 0. 10 Friction Coefficient (µ).
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38 Camber Height (δ: mm) (a) (b) Fig. 5. (a) The effect of friction coefficient on the springback angle with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. (b) The effect of friction coefficient on the camber height with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. Relative Position - Y Axis (mm) Thickness (mm) -15. 0 -10. 0 -5. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0.
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10 -15. 0 -10. 0 -5. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0.
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60 Material: M1 ; μ =0. 05 Material: M1 ; μ =0. 10 Material: M1 ; μ =0. 01 (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material: M2 ; μ =0. 05 Material: M2 ; μ =0. 01 Material: M2 ; μ =0. 10 Material: M3 ; μ =0. 05 Material: M3 ; μ =0. 10 Material: M3 ; μ =0. 01 (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material: M4 ; μ =0. 05 Material: M4 ; μ =0. 01 Material: M4 ; μ =0. 10 Fig. 6. The effect of friction coefficient on the thickness distribution of bend axis with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material : M1 Material : M2 Material : M3 Material : M4.
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75 1. 00 1. 25 1. 50 1. 75 2. 00 2. 25 Normal Anisotropy (R) -0. 50.
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50 Springback Angle (Ast: degree) (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material : M1 Material : M2 Material : M3 Material : M4.
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75 1. 00 1. 25 1. 50 1. 75 2. 00 2. 25 Normal Anisotropy (R).
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70 Camber Height (δ: mm) (a) (b) Fig. 7. (a) The effect of normal anisotropy on the springback angle with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. (b) The effect of normal anisotropy on the camber height with varied blank width and varied blank thickness. Material: M1 ; R=1. 5 Material: M1 ; R=2. 0 Material: M1 ; R=1. 0 (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Material: M2 ; R=1. 5 Material: M2 ; R=1. 0 Material: M2 ; R=2. 0 Material: M3 ; R=1. 5 Material: M3 ; R=2. 0 Material: M3 ; R=1. 0 Material: M4 ; R=1. 0 Material: M4 ; R=2. 0 Material: M4 ; R=1. 5 (Rp = 3. 0 ; Rd = 15. 0 ; At = 90o) Relative Position - Y Axis (mm) -15. 0 -10. 0 -5. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0.
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20 Thickness (mm) -15. 0 -10. 0 -5. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0.
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15 Fig. 8. The effect of normal anisotropy on the thickness distribution of bend axis with varied blank width and varied blank thickness.
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