Thermo-Mechanical Monitoring of Composite Materials during the Pyrolysis of C/C Composites

Abstract:

Conventional mechanical and structural properties allow to describe the complete composite material. They do, however, not describe the reaction during the pyrolysis process. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) is a technique which is used to characterize materials. In particular, the DMTA method is used to observe the viscoelastic nature of polymers. Another interesting application area of the DMTA is the simulation of pyrolysis experiments to obtain carbon/carbon composites (C/C composites). The pyrolysis process of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) was performed by means of inert gas (Ar, ambient pressure) under a defined time-temperature profile or alternatively approached by short time sweeps in a DMTA. So the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus (E-modulus) and of the internal damping (tan δ) are determined starting from the cured carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic to the transformed C/C composites. The analyses were applied for different matrix resins. The shown method improves the access to usually hidden mechanical and structural properties and requires further investigation of the entire polymerization and pyrolysis processes.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 425)
• Pages: 95-105
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.425.95
• Online since: January 2010
• Authors: Bernhard Wielage, Daisy Weber, Tobias Müller, Heike Steger
• Keywords: C/C Composite, Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis, Pyrolysis

References

[1] K.P. Menard: Dynamic mechanical analysis: a practical introduction, (CRC Press LLC, 1999).

[2] Th. Lampke: Beitrag zur Charakterisierung naturfaserverstärkter Verbundwerkstoffe mit hochpolymerer Matrix, Ph. D Thesis, TU Chemnitz, Germany (2001).

[3] K. Hying: Analyse viskoelastischer Eigenschaften von Poly(tetrafluorethylen) im Bereich des βÜbergangs, Ph. D Thesis, RWTH Aachen, Germany (2003).

[4] A.G. Odeshi: Beitrag zur Herstellung von Kohlenstofffaserverstärkten KeramikmatrixVerbunden, Ph.D. Thesis, TU Chemnitz, Germany (2001).

[5] M. Metten: Veränderung der Verbundfestigkeit von Hart/Weich-Verbunden und die mechanischen Eigenschaften von thermoplastischen Elastomeren durch eine Elektronenbestrahlung, Ph. D Thesis, TU Darmstadt, Germany (2002).

[6] H. Mucha: Untersuchung der Porositätsentwicklung von Phenolharzen als polymere- und Kohlenstoffspendermatrices in C-Faserverbundwerkstoffen, Ph. D Thesis, TU Chemnitz, Germany (2007).

[7] N.N. Operating Instructions for EPLEXOR, Fa. GABO (2004).

[8] B. Wielage, H. Mucha and A. Odeshi: Dynamisch und thermische Analyse von kohlenstofffaserverstärkten Phenolharzverbunden, Tagungsband Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbund, edited by K. Schulte und K.U. Kainer (1999), 358 ff.

[9] B. Heidenreich: Herstellung von Faserkeramiken nach dem Flüssigsilizierverfahren (LSITechnik), Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe, (2003), 48 ff.

DOI: 10.1002/3527607315.ch3

[10] B. Wielage, A.G. Odeshi, H. Mucha, H. Lang and R. Buschbeck: J. Mater. Process. Technol. Vol. 132 (2003) p.313.

[11] A.G. Odeshi, H. Mucha and B. Wielage: Manufacture and characterisation of a low-cost carbon-fibre-reinforced C/SiC dual- matrix composite, Carbon Vol. 44 (2006), p. (1994).

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.01.025

[12] W. Schäfer and W.D. Vogel: Faserverstärkte Keramiken hergestellt durch Polymerinfiltration, Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe, (2003) 76-93.

DOI: 10.1002/3527607315.ch4

[13] Z. Ahmad, M.I. Sarwar and J.E. Mark: Dynamic-Mechanical Thermal Analysis of AramidSilica Hybrid Composites Prepared in a Sol-Gel Process, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 63 (1997) 1345-1352.

DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19970307)63:10<1345::aid-app14>3.0.co;2-3

[14] E. Roeder, H. -J. Mayer and R. Liedhegener: Elastizität und mechanische Dämpfung eines unidirektional SiC-kurzfaserverstärkten Alkali-Kalk-Silicatglases, Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, 25 (1994) 244-251.

DOI: 10.1002/mawe.19940250609

[15] N.P. Bansal: Handbook of ceramic composites. Boston: Kluwer, (2005).

[16] H. Mucha, Y. -E. Kim and B. Wielage: Approaches to reveal porosity in Phenolic Resin derived CFRP and C/C Composites, 16th ICCM, Kyoto, Japan, (2007).

[17] H. Salmang and H. Scholze: Keramik, Springer Verlang, (2007).

[18] K. Hultzsch: Chemie der Phenolharze, Springer Verlag, Berlin, Germany, (1950).

[19] H. Mucha, B. Wielage, R. Buschbeck and H. Lang: Untersuchung von PhenolformaldehydHarzen als Matrixmaterial für C/C-Verbunde, Verbundwerkstoffe und Werkstoffverbunde (2005) 217-222.

[20] J. Schulte-Fischedick, S. Seiz, N. Lützenburger, A. Wanner and H. Voggenreiter: The crack development on the micro- and mesoscopic scale during the pyrolysis of carbon-fibrereinforced plastics to carbon/carbon composites, Composites Part A, 38 (2007).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.06.013