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HomeKey Engineering MaterialsKey Engineering Materials Vol. 433Heat Resistant Ni-Cr-Fe Steels for Superplastic...

Heat Resistant Ni-Cr-Fe Steels for Superplastic Forming Dies: From Material Microstructure to Die Design

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Abstract:

During superplastic forming, dies are subjected to high temperatures and severe environmental conditions. Optimum material grade choice and die design have to take into account all these combined parameters. Microstructure evolution and high temperature mechanical properties are investigated and reported for various Heat Resistant Cast Steels. New die concepts are suggested for energy and cost savings.

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Superplasticity in Advanced Materials - ICSAM 2009

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Periodical:

Key Engineering Materials (Volume 433)

Pages:

77-84

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.433.77

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Cite this paper

Online since:

March 2010

Authors:

Gérard Bernhart, Vincent Velay, Philippe Lours

Keywords:

Design, Heat Resistant Steel, Mechanical Property, Microstructure, Simulation, Superplastic Forming Die

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© 2010 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

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[3] 1.

[10] sε − − =& , 50% Nickel) Fig. 5 : Rupture stress with respect to Ni content and temperature (columnar zone.

[3] 1.

[10] sε − − =& ) Fig. 6: Stress-strain fatigue loops for increasing temperature.

[3] 1.

[10] sε − − =& ) Fig. 7: Strains at the grain size level (Digital Image Correlation on carbides) Fig. 8: Local strain versus extensometer strain 500°C 650°C 750°C 800°C 850°C 900°C 950°C Strain (mm/mm) Stress (MPa) 500°C 650°C 750°C 800°C 850°C 900°C 950°C Strain (mm/mm) Stress (MPa).

DOI: 10.31857/s0869-5903275503-524-13797

[50] 100 150 200 250 300 0, 00 0, 01 0, 02 0, 03 0, 04 0, 05 0, 06 Strain (mm/mm) Stress (MPa) 20°C 500° C 750°C 850°C 900°C 950°C.

[50] 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500.

[20] °C 500 °C 750 °C 850 °C 900 °C 950 °C R m (MPa).

[50] % /i.

[35] % /i.

[25] % /i 0, 5 % /i.

[50] 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500.

[20] °C 500 °C 750 °C 850 °C 900 °C 950 °C R m (MPa)R m (MPa).

[50] % /i.

[35] % /i.

[25] % /i 0, 5 % /i.

[50] % /i.

[35] % /i.

[25] % /i 0, 5 % /i.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] G M D.

[16] mm.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] G M D.

[16] mm.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] G M D.

[16] mm.

[16] mm16 mm -20 -10.

[10] [20] [30] [40] [50] [60] colonne gauche colonne milieu Ecart en % -20 -10.

[10] [20] [30] [40] [50] [60] colonne gauche Ecart en %Difference in % Reference : modulus of elasticity given by mechanical extensometer -20 -10.

[10] [20] [30] [40] [50] [60] colonne gauche colonne milieu Ecart en % -20 -10.

[10] [20] [30] [40] [50] [60] colonne gauche Ecart en %Difference in % -20 -10.

[10] [20] [30] [40] [50] [60] colonne gauche colonne milieu Ecart en % -20 -10.

[10] [20] [30] [40] [50] [60] colonne gauche Ecart en %Difference in % Reference : modulus of elasticity given by mechanical extensometer Fig. 9 : Oxidation kinetics of 50% Ni HR Steel Fig. 10 : Spallation kinetic of 50% HR Steel Fig. 11 : Hollow die concept [3] Fig. 12 : Numerical simulation applied to die optimization.

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Duration (h) 750 °C 800 °C 850 °C 900 °C 950 °C 1000 °C 1050 °C (∆∆∆∆m/S)ox(mg. cm-2).

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Duration (h) 750 °C 800 °C 850 °C 900 °C 950 °C 1000 °C 1050 °C (∆∆∆∆m/S)ox(mg. cm-2) -0, 5.

0, 5.

[1] 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Duration (h) ∆∆∆∆m/S (mg. cm-2) Oxidation Kinetic Spalling Kinetic ti tc -0, 5.

0, 5.

[1] 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Duration (h) ∆∆∆∆m/S (mg. cm-2) Oxidation Kinetic Spalling Kinetic ti tc Free Convection (Cooling) Nodal temperature (Heating) Radiation: - Cooling (T∝ = 20°C); - Heating (T ∝ = 900°C) Cavity Radiation (Heating) Free Convection (Cooling) Radiation: - Cooling (T∝ = 20°C); - Heating (T ∝ = 900°C) Free Convection (Cooling) Nodal temperature (Heating) Radiation: - Cooling (T∝ = 20°C); - Heating (T ∝ = 900°C) Free Convection (Cooling) Nodal temperature (Heating) Free Convection (Cooling) Nodal temperature (Heating) Radiation: - Cooling (T∝ = 20°C); - Heating (T ∝ = 900°C) Cavity Radiation (Heating) Free Convection (Cooling) Radiation: - Cooling (T∝ = 20°C); - Heating (T ∝ = 900°C).

DOI: 10.3403/bsen14037