Freeze-Casted Nanostructured Apatite Scaffold Obtained from Low Temperature Biomineralization of Reactive Calcium Phosphates

Abstract:

Macroporous nanostructured calcium phosphate scaffold was produced at low temperature using freeze casting technique. Aqueous suspension of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous was freeze-casted into cylindrical samples using an automated freeze casting device and subsequently freeze-dried. The sample was stored at 37 °C and 100% relative humidity for 24h, and then kept in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 days. The phase composition and microstructure of scaffold was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electronic microscopy, respectively. Cell proliferation and attachment was also studied using Rat calvarium osteoblasts. The results showed a porous structure with total porosity of 75% and pore diameter ranging 50-150 μm and compressive strength of 5 ± 1 Mpa. The scaffolds had been composed of needle-like nanocrystals at the range of 40-100 nm. The XRD and FTIR data confirmed complete conversion of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate reactants into carbonate-substituted apatite phase due to the immersion process without any other impure phases. The results of cell studies revealed well attachment of osteoblasts on the pores and walls of the scaffolds as well as a time dependent proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase activity. The produced scaffold has the requirements of an osteoinductive material but more in vitro and in vivo studies are required to prove this suggestion.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 587)
• Pages: 21-26
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.587.21
• Online since: November 2013
• Authors: Saeed Hesaraki*
• Keywords: Bone Filler, Calcium Phosphate, Freeze Casting, Scaffold, Tissue Engineering

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