Sintered Frictional SiC-Reinforced Cu-Base Composites

Abstract:

Lead-free frictional materials are important components in safety and power transmission parts of automobiles. In order to avoid using lead-containing friction modifiers, non-toxic ceramic particles are considered to be used as reinforcements. In this research work, copper-based friction materials have been developed by using press and sinter method. Pre-alloyed bronze (Cu-10Sn) powder was admixed with iron (Fe), graphite (C) and varied amounts of silicon carbide (SiC) powders. The admixed powders were compacted into disc-shape samples, which were then sintered at different temperatures in the range of 800-950 °C. It was found that sintered density and hardness of the sintered copper-based friction materials reduced with increasing SiC content. Microstructures of the sintered materials showed inhomogeneity due to uneven distribution of coarse Fe and SiC particles. The coarse SiC particles also prohibited bonding between metal powder particles. However, the sintered materials showed high room-temperature friction coefficients, which were in the range of 0.50-0.90, particularly the materials containing 4 wt. % of SiC particles.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 659)
• Pages: 345-349
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.659.345
• Online since: August 2015
• Authors: Jiraporn Damnernsawat, Pongpan Kaewtatip, Nattaya Tosangthum, Bhanu Vetayanugul, Pongsak Wila, Ruangdaj Tongsri*
• Keywords: Friction Coefficient, Mechanical Property, Microstructures, Sintered Frictional Materials

References

[1] ASM handbook, Vol. 7, Powder metal technologies and applications, ASM International, (1998).

[2] W.C. Orthwein, Clutches and brakes design and selection, second ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, (2004).

[3] M. Kazuya, M. Teruo, H. Mikio, EU Patent 0538772B1 (1996).

[4] S. Kung, A study of friction and wear characteristics of copper-and iron-based sintered material, Wear 162-164 (2003) 1123-1128.

DOI: 10.1016/0043-1648(93)90131-5

[5] B.T. Collins, C.P. Schneider, Sintered-metal friction material, in: Editors: H.H. Hausner (Ed. ), Modern Development in Powder metallurgy, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 1996, 160-165.

[6] M. Asif, K. Chandra, P.S. Misra, Development of iron brake friction MMC used for military aircraft application by a new P/M route, JMMCE. 10 (2011) 693-705.

DOI: 10.4236/jmmce.2011.108054

[7] J.A.L. Jr. Esswein, F.E. Arrieche, L. Schaeffer, Analysis of wear in organic and sintered friction material used in small wind energy converters, Mater. Res. 11(2008) 269-273.

DOI: 10.1590/s1516-14392008000300007

[8] N. Saunders, A.P. Mlodownlk, The Cu-Sn (copper-tin) system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams. 11(1990) 278-287.

DOI: 10.1007/bf03029299

[9] S. Fürtauer, D. Li, D. Cupid, H. Flandorfer, The Cu-Sn phase diagram, Part I: New experimental result, Intermetallics 34 (2013) 142-147.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2012.10.004

[10] G. Celebi Efe, T. Yener, I. Altinsoy, M. Ipek, S. Zeytin, C. Bindal, The effect of sintering temperature on some properties of Cu–SiC composite, J. Alloys Compd. 509 (2011) 6036-6042.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.02.170

[11] G. Celebi Efe, I. Altinsoy, T. Yener, M. Ipek, S. Zeytin and C. Bindal, Characterization of cemented Cu matrix composites reinforced with SiC, Vacuum 85 (2010) 643-647.

DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2010.09.009

[12] R.W. Olesinski, G.J. Abbaschian, The Cu−Si (Copper-Silicon) system, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagrams. 7 (1986) 170-178.

DOI: 10.1007/bf02881559

[13] K. Sufryd, N. Ponweiser, P. Riani, K.W. Richter, G. Cacciamani, Experimental investigation of the Cu–Si phase diagram at x(Cu) > 0. 72, Intermetallics 19 (2011) 1479-1488.

DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2011.05.017

[14] W. Gierlotka, Md.A. Haque, On the binary (Cu + Si) system: Thermodynamic modelling of the phase diagram and atomic mobility in face centred cubic phase, J. Chem. Thermodyn. 57 (2013) 32-38.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jct.2012.07.025

[15] G. Sundberg, P. Paul, C. Sung, T. Vasilos, Fabrication of CuSiC metal matrix composites, J. Mater. Sci. 41 (2006) 485-504.

DOI: 10.1007/s10853-005-2622-3

[16] Z. Wang, P. Wynblatt, Study of a reaction at the solid Cu/α-SiC interface, J. Mater. Sci. 33 (1998) 1177-1181.

[17] R. Tongsri, B. Vetayanugul, Thermal analysis of Fe-Carbide and Fe-C mixtures, J. Met. Mater. Miner. 20 (2010) 45-49.

[18] S. Chakthin, N. Poolthong, N. Thavarungkul, R. Tongsri, Iron-carbide composites prepared by P/M, The Minerals, Metals and Materials Society - 3rd International Conference on Processing Materials for Properties 2008, PMP III, 1, pp.571-578.

[19] S. Chakthin, N. Poolthong, R. Tongsri, Effect of reaction between Fe and carbide particles on mechanical properties of Fe-base composite, Adv. Mat. Res. 55-57 (2008) 357-360.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.357

[20] O. Coovattanachai, S. Mima, T. Yodkaew, R. Krataitong, M. Morkotjinda, A. Daraphan, N. Tosangthum, B. Vetayanugul, A. Panumas, N. Poolthong, R. Tongsri, Effect of admixed ceramic particles on properties of sintered 316L stainless steel, Advances in Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials-2006, Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, Powder Met 2006, pp.7161-7171.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.105

[21] K. Shubhank, Y-B. Kang, Critical evaluation and thermodynamic optimization of Fe–Cu, Cu–C, Fe–C binary systems and Fe–Cu–C ternary system, Calphad 45 (2014) 127-137.

DOI: 10.1016/j.calphad.2013.12.002