Natural Materials for Thermal Insulation and Passive Cooling Application

Abstract:

In this chapter a critical analysis about natural materials to enhance energy performance and thermal comfort in indoor and outdoor spaces is dealt with. In particular, thermal insulation and passive cooling application in buildings are analyzed. The physical properties permitting to achieve these benefits are presented, as well as the method and the international standards to measure them. Benefits deriving from these materials’ employment as insulation layers or buildings envelope in general of, or in the case of urban paving, are described and then the single materials are illustrated.Experimental and numerical data, as reported in the bibliography, support the dissertation with examples from the most recent research contributions.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 666)
• Pages: 1-16
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.666.1
• Online since: October 2015
• Authors: Anna Laura Pisello, Federica Rosso
• Keywords: Cardboard, Clay Tiles, Cool Envelope, Cool Materials, Cool Paving, Cool Roof, Marble, Natural Gravels, Natural Materials, Reed, Thermal Comfort, Thermal Insulation, Urban Heat Island

References

[1] Pérez-Lombard, Luis, José Ortiz, and Christine Pout. A review on buildings energy consumption information., Energy and buildings 40. 3 (2008): 394-398.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.03.007

[2] A. Afram, J.S. Farrokh: Building and Environment Vol. 72 (2014), pp.343-355.

[3] Information on http: /www. iea. org.

[4] Information on http: /ec. europa. eu/programmes/horizon2020.

[5] H. Taha: Atmospheric Environment Vol. 31. 11 (1997), pp.1667-1676.

[6] F. Cotana, F. Rossi, M. Filipponi, V. Coccia, A.L. Pisello, E. Bonamente, A. Petrozzi, G. Cavalaglio: Applied Energy Vol. 130 (2014), pp.641-647.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.065

[7] H. Akbari, M. Surabi, A. Rosenfeld: Climatic Change Vol. 94. 3-4 (2009), pp.275-286.

[8] Information on http: /ec. europa. eu/environment/gpp/index_en. htm.

[9] ISO 6946-2007, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance — Calculation method. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

DOI: 10.3403/00942964

[10] R. Gellert, in: Materials for energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings, edited by M. Hall, Elsevier, (2010).

[11] ISO 7345-1999, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions — Calculation method. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

[12] American Society for Testing Materials. ASTM E 903-96 Standard Test Method for Solar Absorptance, Reflectance, and Transmittance of Materials Using Integrating Spheres; American Society for Testing Materials: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, (1996).

DOI: 10.1520/e0903-96

[13] American Society for Testing Materials. ASTM C1371-04a(2010).

[14] American Society for Testing Materials. ASTM E1980(2011), Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of Horizontal and Low- Sloped Opaque Surfaces; American Society for Testing Materials: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, (2011).

DOI: 10.1520/e1980-98e01

[15] F. Pacheco-Torgal, J. A. Labrincha: Construction and Building Materials Vol. 40 (2013), pp.729-737.

[16] J.M. Allwood, M.F. Ashby, T. G Gutowski, E. Worrell: Conservation and Recycling Vol. 55. 3 (2011), pp.362-381.

DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.11.002

[17] Associazione Industriali Massa Carrara in: report (2012).

[18] M.S. Al-Homoud: Building and environment Vol. 40. 3 (2005), pp.353-366.

[19] Information on http: /ec. europa. eu/environment/gpp/index_en. htm.

[20] J. Zagorskas, E.K. Zavadskas, Z. Turskis, M. Burinskienė, A. Blumberga, D. Blumberga: Energy and buildings Vol. 78 (2014), pp.35-42.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.04.010

[21] U.Y. A Tettey, D. Ambrose, L. Gustavsson: Energy and Buildings Vol. 82 (2014), pp.369-377.

[22] L.M. Doulos, M. Santamouris, I. Livada: Solar energy Vol. 77. 2 (2004), pp.231-249.

DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2004.04.005

[23] M. Stathopoulou, A. Synnefa, C. Cartalis, M. Santamouris, T. Karlessi, H. Akbari: International Journal of Sustainable Energy Vol. 28. 1-3 (2009), pp.59-76.

DOI: 10.1080/14786450802452753

[24] J. Gui, P.E. Phelan, K.E. Kaloush, J.S. Golden: Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering Vol. 19. 8 (2007), pp.683-690.

[25] M. Santamouris, F. Xirafi, N. Gaitani, A. Spanou, M. Saliari, K. Vassilakopoulou: International Journal of Ventilation Vol. 11. 1 (2012), pp.1-16.

DOI: 10.1080/14733315.2012.11683966

[26] M. F. Shahidan, P.J. Jones, J. Gwilliam, E. Salleh: Building and EnvironmentVol. 58 (2012) P. 245–257.

[27] Information on http: /www. epa. gov/heatisld/mitigation/index. htm.

[28] H. Taha: Atmospheric Environment Vol. 42. 38 (2008), pp.8795-8809.

[29] B.M. Suman, V.V. Verma: Journal Of Scientific And Industrial Research Vol. 62. 12 (2003), pp.1152-1157.

[30] A.L. Pisello, F. Rossi, F. Cotana: Energies Vol. 7. 4 (2014), pp.2343-2361.

[31] ASHRAE/IESNA Standard Project Committee 90. 1, ASHRAE 90. 1-2007 StandardEnergy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, ASHRAE, Inc., (2007).

DOI: 10.2172/1025697

[32] H. Akbari, H.D. Matthews: Energy and Buildings Vol. 55 (2012), pp.2-6.

[33] Information on http: /coolroofcouncil. eu.

[34] M. Doya, E. Bozonnet, F. Allard: Energy and Buildings Vol. 55 (2012), p.42–50.

[35] I. Hernández-Pérez, G. Álvarez, J. Xamán, I. Zavala-Guillén, J. Arce, E. Simá: Energy and Buildings Vol. 80 (2014), pp.81-105.

DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.05.008

[36] B. Yu, Z. Chen, P. Shang, J. Yang: Energy and Buildings Vol. 40. 5 (2008), pp.945-951.

[37] A. Joudi, H. Svedung, C. Bales, M. Rönnelid: Applied Energy Vol. 88. 12 (2011), pp.4655-4666.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.06.002

[38] H. Shen, H. Tan, A. Tzempelikos: Energy and Buildings Vol. 43. 2 (2011), pp.573-580. 49.

[39] G.M. Revel, M. Martarelli, M. Emiliani, L. Celotti, R. Nadalini, A. De Ferrari, S. Hermanns, E. Beckers: Solar Energy Vol. 105 (2014), pp.780-791.

DOI: 10.1016/j.solener.2014.02.035

[40] H. Taha, H. Akbari, A. Rosenfeld, J. Huang: Building and Environment Vol. 23. 4 (1988), pp.271-283.

[41] M. Zinzi in: Optical properties and influence of reflective coatings on the energy demand and thermal comfort in dwellings at Mediterranean latitudes, Proceedings of PLEA. (2008).

[42] A. Shariah, B. Shalabi, A. Rousan, B. Tashtoush: Energy Conversion and Management Vol. 39. 3 (1998), pp.273-284.

DOI: 10.1016/s0196-8904(96)00185-9

[43] Y. Huang, J. Niu, T. Chung: Applied Energy Vol. 103 (2013), pp.97-108. 72.

[44] L. Corno, R. Pilu, F. Adani: Biotechnology advances Vol. 32. 8 (2014), pp.1535-1549.

[45] F. Barreca, C.R. Fichera: Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment Vol. 11. 2 (2013), pp.1353-1357.

[46] F. Barreca: Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal Vol. 14. 3 (2012), pp.46-52.

[47] U. Vigel, M. Kams, in: Thermal conductivity of thatched (reed) roof in composite ceiling, Civil Engineering. International Scientific Conference. Proceedings (Latvia), (2011).

[48] M. Miljan, M.J. Miljan, J. Miljan, K. Akermann, K. Karja: Mires and Peat Vol. 13. 07 (2014), pp.1-12.

[49] F. Asdrubali, A.L. Pisello, F. D'Alessandro, F. Bianchi, M. Cornicchia, in: Innovative cardboard based panels with recycled materials from the packaging industry: thermal and acoustic performance analysis, 6th International Building Physics Conference, IBPC (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.652

[50] A.L. Pisello, G. Pignatta, V. Castaldo, F. Cotana: Sustainability Vol. 6 (2014), pp.4706-4722.

DOI: 10.3390/su6084706

[51] F. Rosso, A.L. Pisello, F. Cotana, M. Ferrero: Sustainability Vol. 6. 8 (2014), pp.5439-5462.

[52] A.L. Pisello, F. Rossi, F. Cotana: Energies Vol. 7. 4 (2014), pp.2343-2361.

[53] A.L. Pisello, F. Cotana, in: Experimental and numerical study on thermal performance of new cool clay tiles in residential buildings in Europe, the 7th International Conference on Applied Energy – ICAE2015 (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.227

[54] E. Erell, D. Pearlmutter, D. Boneh, P.B. Kutiel: Urban Climate Vol. 10 (2014), pp.367-386.

DOI: 10.1016/j.uclim.2013.10.005

[55] F. Rosso, A.L. Pisello, G. Pigntta, V.L. Castaldo; C. Piselli; F. Cotana, M. Ferrero, in: Outdoor thermal and visual perception of natural cool materials for roof and urban paving, International Conference on Sustainable design, Engineering and Construction, ICSDEC (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.394

[56] ASHRAE 55, 2010. Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy. ASHRAE, Atlanta, GA.

[57] ISO 7730, 2005. Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment – Analytical Determination and Interpretation of Thermal Comfort using Calculation of the PMV and PPD Indices and Local Thermal Comfort Criteria. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

DOI: 10.3403/30046382

[58] ISO 10551, 1995. Ergonomics of the Thermal Environment – Assessment of the Influence of the Thermal Environment Using Subjective Judgement Scales. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.

DOI: 10.3403/02572918

[59] E. Johansson, S. Thorsson, R. Emmanuel, E. Krüger: Urban Climate Vol. 10 (2014), pp.346-366.

[60] N. Careddu, MG. Marras: Construction and Building Materials Vol. 49 (2013), pp.828-834.

[61] E. Franzoni, E. Sassoni: Science of the Total Environment Vol. 412-413 (2011), p.278–285.

[62] Y. Ozcelik, N. Careddu, E. Yilmazkaya: Cold Regions Science and Technology Vol. 82 (2012), pp.49-55.

DOI: 10.1016/j.coldregions.2012.05.007