Study on the Threshold Value and Test Methods for Chloride Ion Content in Sea Sand

Abstract:

The building sand is mainly composed of river sand at early stage. Recently, with the depletion of river sand, the new mined river sand cannot meet the demands for building sand. The sea sand is resourceful and can remedy the deficiency of sand for construction. However, the sea sand contains high content of chlorine salt, shell and lightweight matters. They are harmful for the strength and durability of concrete and will lead to premature corrosion of rebar. This will endanger the safety of construction. The studies demonstrate that high content of chlorine salt in sea sand is the main factor led to the deterioration of sea sand concrete. Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of construction, the threshold value of chloride content is specified in standards about concrete and aggregate. And methods testing the content of chloride ions are provided. However, the criterion in different standards differs from one another, which means their different viewpoints about the harm of chloride ions. In this work, the threshold value and test methods of chloride ion content for the building sand in the national standards and the international standards are summarized. The research has great significant for setting standards about sea sand, determining the rational threshold value of chloride ion content and improving the method testing the content of chloride ions.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 680)
• Pages: 482-485
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.680.482
• Online since: February 2016
• Authors: Fei Long Sun*, Shuai Wu, Quan Jiang, Ting Ting Liu
• Keywords: Chloride Ion Content, Sea Sand, Standard, Test Method, Threshold Value

References

[1] O. Shinobu, S. Noriyuki, Sixty - year old concrete in a marine environment, Memoirs of the Muroran Institute of Technology, 37 (1987) 173-182.

[2] W. P. S. Dias, G. A. P. S. N. Seneviratne, S. M. A. Nanayakkara, Offshore sand for reinforced concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 22 (2008) 1377-1384.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.04.006

[3] I. H. Cagatay, Experimental evaluation of buildings damaged in recent earthquakes in Turkey, Engineering Failure Analysis, 12 (2005) 440-452.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2004.02.007

[4] M. H. Arslan, H. H. Korkmaz, What is to be learned from damage and failure of reinforced concrete structures during recent earthquakes in Turkey, Engineering Failure Analysis, 14 (2007) 1-22.

DOI: 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2006.01.003

[5] BS EN 12620: 2002 + A1: 2008, Aggregates for concrete.

[6] JGJ 206-2010, Technical code for application of sea sand concrete.

[7] GB/T 14684-2011, Sand for construction.

[8] CNS 1240 A2029, Concrete aggregates.

[9] Brain B. Hope, John A. Page, John S. Poland, The determination of the chloride content of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, 15 (1985) 863-870.

DOI: 10.1016/0008-8846(85)90153-x

[10] BS EN 1744-5: 2006, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates – part 5: determination of acid soluble chloride salts.

[11] BS EN 196-21: 1992, Methods of testing cement – part 21: determination of the chloride, carbon dioxide and alkali content of cement.

DOI: 10.3403/00270380u

[12] ASTM C114-04, Standard test methods for chemical analysis of hydraulic cement.

[13] NF EN 1744-1: 2010, Tests for chemical properties of aggregates – part 1: chemical analysis.

[14] ASTM C1218/C1218M-99, Standard test method for water-soluble chloride in mortar and concrete.

[15] BS EN 480-10: 2009, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout – test methods part 10: determination of water soluble chloride content.

DOI: 10.3403/01039564