Key Engineering Materials Vol. 993

Abstract: This research paper presents a comprehensive study on the identification of cracks in solar panels using a combination of electroluminescence (EL) and thermal imaging techniques. The EL imaging was utilized to capture the electroluminescent response of the panels, highlighting any irregularities in the cell structure caused by cracks. While thermal imaging was used to identify temperature variations indicative of crack locations due to localized heat dissipation. The results of the study demonstrate the efficacy of each imaging technique in crack detection. EL imaging exhibited high sensitivity to cracks, providing detailed information about the location and extent of the damage. Thermal imaging, on the other hand, revealed temperature differentials in cracked areas. Furthermore, thermal imaging can expediently assess health of solar panels insofar as both methods were successful in identifying major defects in solar panels. In addition, the research paper discusses the advantages and limitations of each imaging technique, providing insights into their applicability in real-world solar panel inspection scenarios. The thermal imaging showed that a temperature difference of ten degree Celsius between average and peak temperature on solar panels showed major cracks or faults in the panel.

Abstract: This study investigates the potential of nanofluids in enhancing heat transfer performance in a 2D tube through a combination of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental analysis. Nanofluids, which are suspensions of nanoparticles in base fluids, offer improved thermal conductivity compared to conventional coolants. The study employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to replicate the experimental setup and parameters used by Mustafa Moraveji et al. The objective is to assess the heat transfer coefficient (h) and compare the results with experimental data. The computational analysis utilizes CFD simulations to study the flow of nanofluids through the 2D tube and evaluate the heat transfer coefficients at different axial locations. The results indicate that the addition of nanofluids to the base fluid leads to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient, suggesting enhanced heat transfer performance due to the presence of nanoparticles. The findings are compared with experimental data from previous studies to validate the simulations. The study contributes valuable insights into the heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in a 2D tube and demonstrates their potential for improving heat transfer efficiency. Further research can focus on optimizing nanofluid compositions, investigating additional parameters, and exploring practical applications in heat exchange systems for enhanced thermal management.

Abstract: Nature has blessed Pakistan with abundant reserves of various ores/minerals. Among these; ores of Chromium, Manganese and Silicon like; Chromite, Manganite, Hausmannite, Braunite and Quartz are phenomenal in metallurgical perspective particularly for ferroalloys production, metals extraction and steel making industry. Unfortunately, Pakistan has been unable to realize the potential associated with these natural assets and therefore adequate mining, ore-beneficiation and value-additive measures are still missing. This paper briefly describes the locations, size and concentration of aforementioned ore/minerals in the country, local and international market trends, potential associated with value-addition of these raw materials and emphasizes the crucial and strategic need for the establishment of a ferroalloy production facility in the country.