Effect of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the Micro-Hardness and Corrosion Behaviour Mg-Zn Alloy Prepared by Powder Metallurgy

Abstract:

Magnesium Alloys have the potential to be applied in the various fields of applications including biomaterials. Magnesium Alloys are an interesting alloy due to its high strength to density ratio. They have been proposed as a biodegradable implant material due to its friendly effect to human body compared to another alloy. Besides its good biodegradable properties, it has a disadvantage of low hardness and corrosion properties. In order to overcome this, it has been combined with other metals such as Zinc (Zn) or Copper (Cu). To increase mechanical properties, we used Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) as reinforcement. Magnesium-Zinc (Mg-xZn) CNTs composites with several compositions was prepared by using powder metallurgy and sintered in the presence of flowing Argon (Ar) gas in tube furnace. Mg-Zn Alloy with the composition of 4% and 6% of Zn and the variation of CNTs at 0.1%, 0.3 %, and 0.5% was also prepared. Hardness testing by using microvickers showed that CNTs can increase the alloy hardness which the maximum hardness is 53.6 HV. The corrosion rates as low as 175.5 mpy exhibited for the Mg-Alloy with the composition of Mg-4-Zn with 0.1 wt.% of CNTs

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1000)
• Pages: 115-122
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1000.115
• Online since: July 2020
• Authors: Nono Darsono, Murni Handayani*, Franciska Pramuji Lestari, Aprilia Erryani, I Nyoman Gede Putrayasa, Yudi Nugraha Thaha, Yohanes Imron Sihaloho, Hadi Sutanto
• Keywords: Biocompatible, Carbon Nanotubes, Composites, Corrosion, Mg-Zn Alloy, Microhardness

References

[1] M. Saini, Implant biomaterials: A comprehensive review, World J. Clin. Cases, (2015).

[2] D. R. Sumner, Long-term implant fixation and stress-shielding in total hip replacement, J. Biomech., (2015).

[3] M. A. Papadopoulos and F. Tarawneh, The use of miniscrew implants for temporary skeletal anchorage in orthodontics: A comprehensive review, Oral Surgery, Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontology, (2007).

DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.022

[4] Y. F. Zheng, X. N. Gu, and F. Witte, Biodegradable metals, Mater. Sci. Eng. R Reports, vol. 77, p.1–34, Mar. (2014).

[5] H. S. Brar, M. O. Platt, M. Sarntinoranont, P. I. Martin, and M. V. Manuel, Magnesium as a biodegradable and bioabsorbable material for medical implants, JOM, (2009).

DOI: 10.1007/s11837-009-0129-0

[6] C. J. Boehlert and K. Knittel, The microstructure, tensile properties, and creep behavior of Mg–Zn alloys containing 0–4.4 wt.% Zn, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 417, no. 1–2, p.315–321, Feb. (2006).

DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2005.11.006

[7] S. Cai, T. Lei, N. Li, and F. Feng, Effects of Zn on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of Mg–Zn alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 32, no. 8, p.2570–2577, Dec. (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2012.07.042

[8] P. Ghosh, M. Mezbahul-Islam, and M. Medraj, Critical assessment and thermodynamic modeling of Mg–Zn, Mg–Sn, Sn–Zn and Mg–Sn–Zn systems, Calphad, vol. 36, p.28–43, Mar. (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.calphad.2011.10.007

[9] E. Zhang, D. Yin, L. Xu, L. Yang, and K. Yang, Microstructure, mechanical and corrosion properties and biocompatibility of Mg–Zn–Mn alloys for biomedical application, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 29, no. 3, p.987–993, Apr. (2009).

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.08.024

[10] Y. Jingyuan, W. Jianzhong, L. Qiang, S. Jian, C. Jianming, and S. Xudong, Effect of Zn on Microstructures and Properties of Mg-Zn Alloys Prepared by Powder Metallurgy Method, Rare Met. Mater. Eng., vol. 45, no. 11, p.2757–2762, Nov. (2016).

DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5372(17)30035-8

[11] H. Wei et al., Towards strong and stiff carbon nanotube-reinforced high-strength aluminum alloy composites through a microlaminated architecture design, Scr. Mater., vol. 75, p.30–33, Mar. (2014).

DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.11.014

[12] S. J. Yoo, S. H. Han, and W. J. Kim, Strength and strain hardening of aluminum matrix composites with randomly dispersed nanometer-length fragmented carbon nanotubes, Scr. Mater., vol. 68, no. 9, p.711–714, May (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.01.013

[13] S. Li, B. Sun, H. Imai, and K. Kondoh, Powder metallurgy Ti–TiC metal matrix composites prepared by in situ reactive processing of Ti-VGCFs system, Carbon N. Y., vol. 61, p.216–228, Sep. (2013).

DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.04.088

[14] B. Chen et al., Load transfer strengthening in carbon nanotubes reinforced metal matrix composites via in-situ tensile tests, Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 113, p.1–8, Jun. (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.03.009

[15] Y. Wang, M. Wei, J. Gao, J. Hu, and Y. Zhang, Corrosion process of pure magnesium in simulated body fluid, Mater. Lett., (2008).

[16] W. D. Müller, M. L. Nascimento, M. Zeddies, M. Córsico, L. M. Gassa, and M. A. F. L. de Mele, Magnesium and its alloys as degradable biomaterials: corrosion studies using potentiodynamic and EIS electrochemical techniques, Mater. Res., (2007).

DOI: 10.1590/s1516-14392007000100003

[17] Z. Shi, M. Liu, and A. Atrens, Measurement of the corrosion rate of magnesium alloys using Tafel extrapolation, Corros. Sci., (2010).

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2009.10.016

[18] G. Song, A. Atrens, and D. Suohn, An Hydrogen Evolution Method for the Estimation of the Corrosion Rate of Magnesium Alloys, in Essential Readings in Magnesium Technology, (2014).

DOI: 10.1002/9781118859803.ch90

[19] M. Esmaily et al., Fundamentals and advances in magnesium alloy corrosion," Prog. Mater. Sci., vol. 89, p.92–193, Aug. (2017).

[20] N. N. Aung, W. Zhou, C. S. Goh, S. M. L. Nai, and J. Wei, Effect of carbon nanotubes on corrosion of Mg–CNT composites, Corros. Sci., vol. 52, no. 5, p.1551–1553, May (2010).

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2010.02.025

[21] H. Kalb, A. Rzany, and B. Hensel, Impact of microgalvanic corrosion on the degradation morphology of WE43 and pure magnesium under exposure to simulated body fluid, Corros. Sci., (2012).

DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.12.026