Assessment of Recycled Toilet Bowl Wastes as Pozzolanic Materials: Material Characterization and Performance of Mortar Mixtures

Abstract:

The growing demand for finding alternative applications for ceramic products wastes develops their usage as construction materials. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the feasibility of recycled toilet bowl (RTB) wastes as pozzolanic materials in mortar mixture. The properties of RTB material were examined in terms of chemical composition, particle size distribution (PSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, compressive strength, pozzolanic reactivity, sulfate resistance, and alkali-silica reaction according to ASTM C 618 and C 311 test specifications. The results demonstrated that the use of RTB materials as pozzolanic materials positively affects compressive strength development and durability by fully corresponding to all criteria of the ASTM C 618 guideline. Furthermore, chemical composition, PSD, and XRD test results had equivalent values to ASTM class F fly ash analysis.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1023)
• Pages: 135-140
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1023.135
• Online since: March 2021
• Authors: Akbota Aitbayeva*, Chang Seon Shon, Dichuan Zhang, Jong Ryeol Kim
• Keywords: Ceramic Product Wastes, Durability, Pozzolanic Materials, Recycled Toilet Bowl

References

[1] Lavat, A.E., Trezza, M.A., Poggi, M. (2009). Characterization of ceramic roof tile wastes as pozzolanic admixture. Waste Management, 29 (5), 1666–1674.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.019

[2] Vieira, T., Alves, A., de Brito, J., Correia, J.R., Silva, R.V. (2016). Durability-related performance of concrete containing fine recycled aggregates from crushed bricks and sanitary ware. Materials Design, 90, 767–776.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.11.023

[3] Reig, Lucía, M.V. Borrachero, J.M. Monzó, Holmer Savastano, Mauro M. Tashima, and J. Payá. (2015). Use of ceramic sanitaryware as an alternative for the development of new sustainable binders. Key Engineering Materials, 668, 172–180.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.668.172

[4] Zimbili, O., Salim, W., & Ndambuki M. (2014). A review on the usage of ceramic wastes in concrete production. International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 8(1), 91–95.

[5] Halicka, A., Ogrodnik, P., Zegardlo, B. (2013). Using ceramic sanitary ware waste as concrete aggregate. Construction and Building Materials, 48, 295–305.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.06.063

[6] Mohammadhosseini, H., Lim, N.H.A.S., Tahir, M.M., Alyousef, R., Samadi, M., Alabduljabbar, H., Mohamed, A.M. (2020). Effects of waste ceramic as cement and fine aggregate on durability performance of sustainable mortar. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45, 3623–3634.

DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-04198-7

[7] Batayneh, M., Marie, I., Asi, I. (2007). Use of selected waste materials in concrete mixes, Waste Management, 27 (12), 1870–1876.

DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2006.07.026

[8] Manning, D.A.C. Industrial clays: kaolin (china clay), ball clay and bentonite. In: Introduction to Industrial Minerals. Springer, Dordrecht, (1995).

DOI: 10.1007/978-94-011-1242-0_3

[9] ASTM C188-17, Standard Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2017).

[10] ASTM C109 / C109M-16, Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube Specimens), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2016).

DOI: 10.1520/c0109_c0109m-20

[11] ASTM C1012 / C1012M-18, Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2018).

DOI: 10.1520/c1012_c1012m-18

[12] ASTM C1260-14, Standard Test Method for Potential Alkali Reactivity of Aggregates (Mortar-Bar Method), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2014).

DOI: 10.1520/c1260-01

[13] ASTM C618-19, Standard Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2019).

DOI: 10.1520/c0618-12a

[14] ASTM C311 / C311M-18, Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Fly Ash or Natural Pozzolans for Use in Portland-Cement Concrete, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, (2018).

DOI: 10.1520/c0311-00

[15] Bui, P.T., Ogawa, Y., Kawai, K. (2018). Long-term pozzolanic reaction of fly ash in hardened cement-based paste internally activated by natural injection of saturated Ca(OH)2 solution. Materials and Structures, 51, 144.

DOI: 10.1617/s11527-018-1274-0

[16] Bektimirova, U., Shon, C.-S., Zhang, D., Sharafutdinov, E., Kim, J.R. (2018). Proportioning and characterization of reactive powder concrete for an energy storage pile application. Applied Sciences, 8, 2507.

DOI: 10.3390/app8122507

[17] Shon, C.-S., Kim, Y.-S. (2013). Evaluation of west Texas natural zeolite as an alternative of ASTM class F fly ash. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 389–396.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.04.041