On the Issue of Standardizing Concrete Frost Resistance to Ensure the Reinforced Concrete Structures Durability

Abstract:

When erecting monolithic reinforced concrete structures, the structure of concrete can differ significantly from the laboratory standard due to the complexity of providing favorable conditions for hardening, and therefore the compressive strength and especially the frost resistance of concrete may not meet the design requirements, which can negatively affect the reinforced concrete structure durability and require amplification, especially in earthquake-prone areas [1, 2]. Increasing the durability of reinforced concrete structures is possible by creating a rational stress field, for example, by prestressing, incl. variable along the length of the structure [3,4], but this technique is difficult to implement for monolithic reinforced concrete structures. It is possible to use effective materials or methods of manufacturing structures [5, 6]. But this is also mainly problematic for use in the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures. Generally accepted methods of calculating the reinforced concrete structures durability subjected to cyclic freezing-thawing during operation, incl. in a water-saturated state, do not exist. At the design stage, ensuring the durability of such reinforced concrete structures is mainly reduced to the reasonable assignment of requirements for concrete quality indicators, depending on the operating conditions, which is the focus of BC 28.13330.2017 (EN 206) and GOST 31384-2017 from the premise of ensuring durability of at least 50 years. In the above-mentioned norms of the Russian Federation, in fact, two approaches are presented to ensure the durability of reinforced concrete structures during cyclic freezing-thawing, incl. in a water-saturated state, namely: designing a concrete structure capable of working under such conditions by standardizing the values of cement consumption, W/C ratio, class of concrete in terms of compressive strength, amount of entrained air, or rationing of concrete grades in terms of frost resistance F₁ (first base method GOST 10060-2012 provides for freezing in air, saturation and thawing in water) or F₂ (second base method GOST 10060-2012 provides for freezing in air, saturation and thawing in 5% sodium chloride solution). The purpose of this work is to compare various approaches to ensuring the durability of reinforced concrete structures operated during cyclic freezing-thawing and to analyze the provision of durability with standardized indicators when designing the structure of concrete.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1043)
• Pages: 1-7
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.1043.1
• Online since: August 2021
• Authors: Grigorii Nesvetaev, Yulia Koryanova*, Aleksei Kolleganov, Nikita Kolleganov
• Keywords: Class of Concrete in Terms of Compressive Strength, Class of Operating Environment, Concrete Structure, Cyclic Freezing-Thawing, Entrained Air, Frost Resistance, Porosity, Reinforced Concrete Structures Durability, Service Life, Standardized Indicators of Concrete Quality

References

[1] D.R. Mailyan, P.P. Polyskoy, S.V. Georgiyev, Reinforcement Techniques and Testing of Short and Flexible Struts, Scientific Review. 10-2 (2014) 415-418.

[2] S-A. Murtazaev, Y. Bazhenov, M. Salamanova, M. Saidumov, High-performance SCC-concrete at earthquake resistant construction, International journal of envirovmental & science education. 11(18) (2016) 12779-12786.

[3] D.R. Mailyan, L.R. Mailyan, V.H. Khuranov, Methods for the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures with variable prestress along the length of the element, Bulletin of higher educational institutions. Construction. 5 (545) (2004) 4-11.

[4] L.R. Mailyan, D.R. Mailyan, Yu.А. Veselev, Building structures, study guide: 2nd edition, Phoenix, Rostov-on-Don, (2005).

[5] S.А. Udodov, М.V. Bychkov, Lightweight self-compacting concrete as an effective structural material, Science Studies. 4 (17) (2013) 1-7.

[6] M.P. Nazhuyev, А.V. Yanovkaya, М.G. Kholodnyak, А.K. Khalushev, Е.М. Scherban, S.А. Stelmah, Study of the experience of regulating the properties of building products and structures by the directed formation of their varia tropic structure, Engineering Herald of the Don. 3 (46) (2017) 99.

[7] Road industrial methodical document 218-3-081-2016 Methodological recommendations for the selection of cement concrete compositions for road construction in various climatic zones and taking into account the operational conditions of road surfaces, Rosavtodor, Moscow, (2019).

[8] G.V. Nesvetayev, On the development of standards for the design and production of reinforced concrete structures, Concrete and reinforced concrete. 1 (601) (2020) 4-9.

[9] А.М. Podvalniy, About the concept of ensuring frost resistance of concrete in construction of buildings and structures, Concrete and reinforced concrete. 6 (2004) 4-6.

[10] V.F. Stepanova, N.K. Rosenthal, Problems of durability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures in modern construction, Corrosion: materials, protection. 1 (2003) 14 - 16.

[11] А.N Davidyuk, G.V. Nesvetayev, Influence of some hyper-plasticizers on porosity, moisture deformation and frost resistance of cement stone, Building materials. 1 (2010) 44-46.

[12] G. Nesvetaev, Y. Koryanova, T. Zhilnikova, On effect of superplasticizers and mineral additives on shrinkage of hardened cement paste and concrete, MATEC Web of Conferences. 196 (2018) 04018.

DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/201819604018

[13] А.Е. Sheykin, L.М. Dobshyts, Cement concretes of high frost resistance, Stroyizdat, Leningrad,(1989).

[14] О.V. Kuntsevich, High frost resistance concretes for structures of the Far North, Stroyizdat, Leningrad, (1983).

[15] G.I. Gorchakov, М.М. Kapkin, B.G. Skramtayev, Improving frost resistance of concrete in construction of hydraulic structures, Stroyizdat, Moscow, (1965).

[16] L.I. Dvorkin, О.L. Dvorkin, Fundamentals of Concrete Science, Stroy-Beton, St. Petersburg, (2006).

[17] G.V. Nesvetayev, I.V. Korchagin, Yu.Yu. Lopatina, S.V. Khalezin, About frost resistance of concretes with superplasticizers, Science Studies. 5 (8) (2016) 1-13.