Analyzing the Fatigue Behaviour of E-Glass Fiber Reinforced Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (EP/VP/EV) Leaf Spring

Article Preview

Abstract:

Conventional steel springs have gradually been replaced with composite materials due to their inherit properties like high strength-to-weight ratio, relatively inexpensive ratio, and resistance against corrosion. Also, fiberglass reinforced plastic usages and its implementation is subjected in variety of fields such as vehicle and locomotive bogies, heavy commercial vehicles like vans and trucks. The current study looks at a composite material that can be used in the composite leaf spring suspension system. In this particular research, several blends of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) have been used as the matrix material with the reinforcement of E-Glass fiber. The implemented combination blends are epoxy with polyurethane (EP), vinyl ester with polyurethane (VP) and epoxy and vinyl ester (EV). However, this research work also examines the characterisation and physical properties of the composite material leaf spring (CMLS) in narrow manner. Consecutively, tests were carried out for three types of composites by varying the various blend ratios of IPNs with the standard reinforcement of E-Glass fiber. Besides, to evaluate and compare their individual uniqueness, their physical characteristics tests like compression test, hardness test, tension and cyclic load parameters are found and their corresponding results were compared with each other.

You might also be interested in these eBooks

Info:

Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 1065)

Pages:

35-45

Citation:

Online since:

June 2022

Export:

Price:

Permissions CCC:

Permissions PLS:

Сopyright:

© 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved

Share:

Citation:

* - Corresponding Author

[1] Daugherty RL. Composite leaf springs in heavy truck applications. Composite materials. In: Proceedings of Japan–US conference, Tokyo; 1981. p.529–38.

Google Scholar

[2] Mc Geehin P. Composites in transportation: design and current developments. Mater Des April 1982;3(2):378–87.

Google Scholar

[3] Belevi M, Kochan C. Experimental investigation of fiber reinforced composite leaf springs. Materialpruefung/Mater Test 2017;59:853–8.

DOI: 10.3139/120.111078

Google Scholar

[4] Singh H, Brar GS. Characterization and investigation of mechanical properties of composite materials used for leaf spring. Mater Today Proc 2018;5:5857–63.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.183

Google Scholar

[5] Charrier JM, Cloutier A, Comte R, Connolly R, Limoges R. Fabrication and testing of hollow reinforced plastic (RP) beams of circular and elliptic cross sections. In: Proceeding of 40th annual conference SPI Paper 5-D; (1985).

Google Scholar

[6] Charrier JM, Connolly R, Maki SG, Plourde MA. End loading of filament wound circular and elliptic FRP rings-spring element applications. In: Proceeding of 41st annual conference. SPI Paper 24-B; (1986).

Google Scholar

[7] Mallick PK. Static mechanical performance of composite elliptic springs. ASME J Eng Mater Technol 1987;109:22–6.

Google Scholar

[8] Akasaa T, Masutani M, Nakakura T, Sakai H. Spring constants of elliptic rings made of carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. In: Proceedings of 33rd.

Google Scholar

[9] international SAMPE symposium, Kuala Lumpur; 1988. p.670–80.

Google Scholar

[10] So CK, Tse PC, Lai TC, Young KM. Static mechanical behavior of composite cylindrical springs. Compos Sci Technol 1991;40(3):251–63.

DOI: 10.1016/0266-3538(91)90084-3

Google Scholar

[11] Del Llano-Vizcaya L, Rubio-Gonzalez C, Mesmacque G, Banderas-Hernández A. Stress relief effect on fatigue and relaxation of compression springs. Mater Des 2007;28(4):1130–4.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.01.033

Google Scholar

[12] Subramanian C, Senthilvelan S. Effect of reinforced fiber length on the joint performance of thermoplastic leaf spring. Mater Des 2010;31(8):3733–41.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2010.03.014

Google Scholar

[13] Vimalanathan, P., Suresh, G., Rajesh, M. et al. A Study on Mechanical and Morphological Analysis of Banana/Sisal Fiber Reinforced IPN Composites. Fibers Polym 22, 2261–2268 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12221-021-0917-x.

DOI: 10.1007/s12221-021-0917-x

Google Scholar

[14] S.Rajamahendran, G.Suresh., An analysis on mechanical and sliding wear behaviour of E-Glass fiber reinforced IPN composites, Materials today: Proceedings 2021;45(2):1388-1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.072.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.072

Google Scholar

[15] Jagesh kumar ranjan., Mechanical and thermomechanical properties of vinyl ester/polyurethane IPN based nano-composites. Polymers and polymer composites 2021; 29(9): 117-129.

DOI: 10.1177/0967391120987349

Google Scholar

[16] Jia, J, Huang, Z, Qin, Y. Dynamic and mechanical properties of vinyl ester/epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks. High Perform Polym 2013; 25: 652–657.

DOI: 10.1177/0954008313477878

Google Scholar

[17] Song, J, Wu, G, Shi, J, et al. Properties and morphology of interpenetrating polymer networks based on poly (urethane-imide) and epoxy resin. Macromol Res 2010; 18: 944–950.

DOI: 10.1007/s13233-010-1009-8

Google Scholar

[18] Tang, D, Zhang, X, Liu, L, et al. Simultaneous and gradient IPN of polyurethane/vinyl ester resin: morphology and mechanical properties. J Nanomater 2009; 2009: 25.

DOI: 10.1155/2009/514124

Google Scholar

[19] Suresh, G., & Jayakumari, L. S. (2016). Analysing the mechanical behaviour of E-glass fibre reinforced interpenetrating polymer network composite pipe. Journal of Composite Materials, 50(22), 3053-3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998315615408.

DOI: 10.1177/0021998315615408

Google Scholar

[20] Suresh Gopi., Influence of water absorption on glass fibre reinforced IPN composite pipes, Polimeros 2019; https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1428.02818.

DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.02818

Google Scholar

[21] Gupta NK, Easwara Prasad GL. (Quasi-static and dynamic axial compression of glass/polyester composite hemi-spherical shells. Int J Impact Eng 1999;22:757–74.

DOI: 10.1016/s0734-743x(99)00027-5

Google Scholar

[22] Mahdi E, Hamouda AMS, Sahari BB. Axial and lateral crushing of filament wound laminated composite curved compound system. Adv Compos Mater 2002;11(2):171–92.

DOI: 10.1163/156855102760410351

Google Scholar

[23] Zhang Jin, Chaisombat Khunlavit, He Shuai, Wang ChunH. Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with glass/carbon woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures. Mater Des 2012;36:75–80.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2011.11.006

Google Scholar

[24] E. Mahdi, A.M.S. Hamouda., An experimental investigation in to mechanical behaviour and nonhybrid composite semi-elliptical springs. Materials and design 2013; 52:504-513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.040.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2013.05.040

Google Scholar

[25] Del Llano-Vizcayaa L, Rubio-Gonzaleza C, Mesmacqueb G, Banderas- Hernándeza A. Stress relief effect on fatigue and relaxation of compression springs. Mater Des 2007;28(4):1130–4.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2006.01.033

Google Scholar

[26] Ganesh R. Chavhan a,Lalit N. Wankhade., Experimental analysis of E-glass fiber/epoxy composite-material leaf spring used in automotive. Materials Today : Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.058.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.058

Google Scholar

[27] Naik NK, Ramasimha R, Arya H, Prabhu SV, ShamaRao N. Impact response and damage tolerance characteristics of glass–carbon/epoxy hybrid composite plates. Composites Part B 2001;32(7):565–74.

DOI: 10.1016/s1359-8368(01)00036-1

Google Scholar

[28] G.Suresh, A study of sliding wear behaviour of carbon fiber reinforced IPN composites. Materials Today Proceedings 2021; 45 (2): 1300-1304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr. 2020.05.124.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.124

Google Scholar