Hardness and Microstructure of TiN Coating on Aluminum Alloy with DC Sputtering

Abstract:

Titanium Nitride coating has attracted much interest in increasing the hardness of aluminum alloys. This study aims to investigate the effect of Ar: N gas mixture and time on increasing the hardness of aluminum alloys using DC sputtering. Preparation of TiN thin films on aluminum alloy substrates using flowing gas mixture parameters and time. First, the layer of TiN was deposited on the sample with a gas mixture of 90Ar:10N; 80Ar:20N; 70Ar:30N; and 60Ar:40N (%) for 60 minutes. Then the optimum gas mixture that produces the highest surface hardness is used in the second process with time variations of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results showed that the highest hardness was achieved in a gas mixture of 70Ar:30N and 60 minutes. The TiN phase formed on the aluminum surface was identified by XRD, while the surface morphology was observed by SEM. Compared with untreated samples, the hardness of treated samples increased significantly.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 1122)
• Pages: 11-18
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-2cLVvZ
• Online since: May 2024
• Authors: Margono Margono*, Djarot B. Darmadi, Teguh Dwi Widodo, Suprapto Suprapto, Tjipto Sujitno, Muhammad Kozin
• Keywords: Aluminium Alloy, Dc Sputtering, Hardness, TiN

References

[1] T. W. B. Riyadi, T. Tjahjono, Sarjito, Margono, Suprapto, and T. Sujitno, "Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Aluminium Nitride Produced by DC Glow Discharge," Adv. Sci. Lett., vol. 53, no. 9, p.1689–1699, 2018.

DOI: 10.1166/asl.2018.12080

[2] T. Tjahjono, T. W. B. Riyadi, B. W. Febriantoko, Margono, Suprapto, and T. Sujitno, "Hardness optimization based on nitriding time and gas pressure in the plasma nitriding of aluminium alloys," Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 961 MSF, p.112–117, 2019.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.961.112

[3] Zuliantoni, W. Suprapto, P. H. Setyarini, and F. Gapsari, "Hydroxyapatite Effect on the Corrosion Rate of AMC Al-Zn by Powder Metallurgy," Key Eng. Mater., vol. 935, no. 9, p.41–48, 2022.

DOI: 10.4028/p-613s0t

[4] V. N, H. N. Chamidy, A. Ngatin, A. Fitriani, and R. Arisya, "Effect Of Voltage On The Thickness Of Oxide Layer At Aluminum Alloys For Structural Bonding Using Phosphoric Sulfuric Acid Anodizing ( PSA ) Process," Int. J. Mech. Eng. Technol. Appl., vol. 4, no. 1, p.69–76, 2023.

DOI: 10.21776/mechta.2023.004.01.8

[5] F. Zhang, M. Yan, F. Yin, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, and J. He, "Influence of plasma nitriding temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-N/Ti-Al multilayer coatings on the surface of 5083 Al alloys," Surf. Coat. Technol., 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.12.031

[6] D. Aruri, K. Adepu, K. Adepu, and K. Bazavada, "Wear and mechanical properties of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy surface hybrid composites [(SiC + Gr) and (SiC + Al2O3)] fabricated by friction stir processing," J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 2, no. 4, p.362–369, 2013.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2013.10.004

[7] M. Karthikeyan, A. Devaraju, and R. Gopi, "Investigations on mechanical properties of aluminium alloy Al6061 hybrid metal matrix composite," Mater. Today Proc., vol. 68, p.1504–1507, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.130

[8] K. Das et al., "Effect of Pre-treatment and Duration of Pulse Plasma Nitriding on Duplex Plasma Treatment by Physical Vapor Deposition of TiN on AISI D2 Steel," J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 3, no. January, p.1059–9495, 2022.

DOI: 10.1007/s11665-022-07776-3

[9] Y. Chen, L. Zhang, J. F. Zhu, Z. Q. Zhong, and J. H. Gu, "Cohesive failure and film adhesion of PVD coating: Cemented carbide substrate phase effect and its micro-mechanism," Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., vol. 111, no. August 2022, p.106066, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.106066

[10] M. Noori et al., "Nanostructured multilayer CAE-PVD coatings based on transition metal nitrides on Ti6Al4V alloy for biomedical applications," Ceram. Int., vol. 49, no. 14, p.23367–23382, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2023.04.169

[11] W. Andriyanti, T. Sujitno, Suprapto, and M. L. Rasyidi, "Titanium nitride (TiN) deposition on the surface of Al-5083 using DC sputtering method to improve its hardness and wear resistance," AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2381, no. November, 2021.

DOI: 10.1063/5.0066548

[12] A. K. Bard and Q. A. Abbas, "Optik Influence of cylindrical magnetron sputtering configurations on plasma characteristics," Optik (Stuttg)., vol. 272, no. December 2022, p.170346, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.170346

[13] F. Sun et al., "Duplex treatment of arc plasma nitriding and PVD TiN coating applied to dental implant screws," Surf. Coatings Technol., vol. 439, no. April, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128449

[14] Margono, B. H. Priyambodo, K. C. Nugroho, T. Sujitno, and Suprapto, "Hardness and Wear Properties of Al-TiN Coatings Produced by DC Sputtering," Mater. Sci. Forum, vol. 1051, p.147–152, 2022.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1051.147

[15] A. Ghailane et al., "Titanium nitride, TiXN(1−X), coatings deposited by HiPIMS for corrosion resistance and wear protection properties," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 574, no. October 2021, 2022.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.151635

[16] F. Zhang, S. Yan, F. Yin, and J. He, "Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti–Cr–N/Al–Ti–Cr based coatings prepared by plasma nitriding 5083 Al alloys co-deposited with Ti–Cr films," Vacuum, vol. 157, no. August, p.115–123, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.08.039

[17] E. P. A. Azizpour, "Fracture and deformation mechanism of Ti(C,N)/TiAlSiN multilayer coating: FE modeling and experiments," Ceram. Int. J., vol. 43, no. October 2016, p.1–11, 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.10.141

[18] J. Lee and T. Tanaka, "Wear resistant super-hard multilayer transition metal-nitride coatings," Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 2, no. 9, p.2–10, 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfin.2017.03.001

[19] T. Wang, Y. Jin, L. Bai, and G. Zhang, "Structure and properties of NbN/MoN nano-multilayer coatings deposited by magnetron sputtering," J. Alloys Compd., vol. 729, no. 9, p.942–948, 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.09.218

[20] X. Sui, J. Liu, S. Zhang, J. Yang, and J. Hao, "Microstructure, mechanical and tribological characterization of CrN/DLC/Cr-DLC multilayer coating with improved adhesive wear resistance," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 439, no. 1, p.24–32, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.12.266

[21] C. Lu et al., "A novel anti-frictional multiphase layer produced by plasma nitriding of PVD titanium coated ZL205A aluminum alloy," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 431, no. 9, p.32–38, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.082

[22] M. Kumar, S. Mishra, and R. Mitra, "Effect of Ar : N2 ratio on structure and properties of Ni – TiN nanocomposite thin films processed by reactive RF/DC magnetron sputtering," Surf. Coat. Technol., vol. 228, p.100–114, 2013.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.04.014

[23] H. Juliano et al., "HA / ZrO _ 2 Coating on CoCr Alloy Using Flame Thermal Spray HA / ZrO 2 Coating on CoCr Alloy Using Flame Thermal Spray," Evergreen, vol. 9, no. 2, p.254–261, 2022.

DOI: 10.5109/4793632

[24] F. Davoodi, F. Ashrafizadeh, M. Atapour, E. Akbari-Kharaji, and R. Mokhtari, "Anticorrosion performance of TiN coating with electroless nickel-phosphorus interlayer on Al 6061 alloy," Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 296, no. December, p.127170, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.127170

[25] H. A. Raza, M. Shafiq, M. Naeem, M. Y. Naz, J. C. Díaz-Guillén, and C. M. Lopez-Badillo, "Cathodic Cage Plasma Pre-treatment of TiN-Coated AISI-304 Stainless Steel for Enhancement of Mechanical Strength and Wear Resistance," J. Mater. Eng. Perform., vol. 28, no. 1, p.20–32, 2019.

DOI: 10.1007/s11665-018-3780-1

[26] I. Aziz, E. Mulyani, and Y. Yusuf, "Morphological , mechanical and antibacterial properties of Ti – Cu – N thin films deposited by sputtering DC," Heliyon, vol. 9, no. 2, p. e17170, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17170

[27] A. Carabillò et al., "Tribological optimization of titanium-based PVD multilayer hard coatings deposited on steels used for cold rolling applications," Mater. Today Commun., vol. 34, no. November 2022, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2022.105043

[28] R. K. Das, R. Kumar, G. Sarkar, S. Sahoo, A. Kumar Sahoo, and P. C. Mishra, "Comparative machining performance of hardened AISI 4340 Steel under dry and minimum quantity lubrication environments," Mater. Today Proc., vol. 5, no. 11, p.24898–24906, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.10.289

[29] L. Zhu, S. S. Peng, C. L. Yin, T. C. Jen, X. Cheng, and Y. H. Yen, "Cutting temperature, tool wear, and tool life in heat-pipe-assisted end-milling operations," Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 72, no. 5–8, p.995–1007, 2014.

DOI: 10.1007/s00170-014-5699-5

[30] F. Zhang, M. Yan, F. Yin, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, and J. He, "Influence of plasma nitriding temperature on microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti-N/Ti-Al multilayer coatings on the surface of 5083 Al alloys," Surf. Coatings Technol., vol. 335, no. November 2017, p.80–87, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.12.031

[31] E. Bemporad, M. Sebastiani, C. Pecchio, and S. De Rossi, "High thickness Ti/TiN multilayer thin coatings for wear resistant applications," Surf. Coatings Technol., vol. 201, no. 6, p.2155–2165, 2006.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.03.042

[32] N. A. Richter et al., "Significant texture and wear resistance improvement of TiN coatings using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 635, no. June, p.157709, 2023.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2023.157709

[33] V. Malau, B. H. Priyambodo, P. T. Iswanto, and T. Sujitno, "Increased Hardness , Corrosion Resistant and Corrosion Fatigue Cracking Performance on AISI 304 by DC Sputtering," Int. Rev. Mech. Eng., vol. 12, no. 12, p.975–980, 2018.

DOI: 10.15866/ireme.v12i12.15901

[34] E. Santecchia, A. M. S. Hamouda, F. Musharavati, E. Zalnezhad, M. Cabibbo, and S. Spigarelli, "Wear resistance investigation of titanium nitride-based coatings," Ceram. Int., vol. 41, no. 9, p.10349–10379, 2015.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.04.152

[35] D. Kim, H. Kim, S. Im, H. Jeong, J. Noh, and S. Huh, "Effect of Ti-Based Thin Solid Films on Tribological and Mechanical Properties of AL7075-T7351," Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 2022, 2022.

DOI: 10.1155/2022/5791263

[36] N. K. Paraye, S. P. Neog, P. K. Ghosh, and S. Das, "Surface modification of AISI 8620 steel by in-situ grown TiC particle using TIG arcing," Surf. Coatings Technol., vol. 405, no. August 2020, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126533

[37] F. Zhang, M. Yan, J. He, and F. Yin, "Microstructure evolution and wear resistance of nitride/aluminide coatings on the surface of Ti-coated 2024 Al alloy during plasma nitriding," Ceram. Int., vol. 43, no. 14, p.10832–10839, 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.05.109

[38] M. F. Zhang, F. Y. Yan, "Microstructure and mechanical properties of multiphase layer formed during depositing Ti film followed by plasma nitriding on 2024 aluminum alloy," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 301, no. 2, p.410–417, 2014.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.02.091

[39] L. Y. Mei, J. Sun, Y. Li, Y. Y. Lei, X. D. Du, and Y. C. Wu, "Fabrication of composite modified layer on aluminium alloy by surface mechanical nano-alloying combined with nitriding," Appl. Surf. Sci., vol. 499, no. August 2019, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.143915