New Construction Materials: Calcined Paper Sludges as Active Additions

Abstract:

This paper shows the possibility of reutilize paper sludge waste as supplementary cementing material for the cement manufacture. This industrial waste consists essentially of a mixture of organic matter (30%) and inorganic compound, such as calcite and clay minerals. The raw paper sludge does not present pozolanic properties, but once calcined at 650°C during 2 hours, exhibits a good pozolanic activity. Calcined paper sludge was used as partial Portland cement replacements of 0 and 10%. It was a sligth increment in compressive strength for 10 % of substitution from 7 days on. Furthermore, calcined paper sludge reduces the initial and final setting times of cement paste.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volumes 636-637)
• Pages: 1222-1227
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.636-637.1222
• Online since: January 2010
• Authors: M. Frías, Olga Rodríguez, M.I. Sánchez de Rojas, S. Ferreiro, B. Nebreda, Javier Olmeda
• Keywords: Cement, Compressive Strength, Paper Sludge, Pozolanic Activity, Setting Time, Waste

References

[1] K. Mehta, in: 6th CANMET/ACI Conference International on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Vol. 1, edited by V. M. Malhotra. American Concrete Institute (ACI), Bangkok, Thailand (1998), p.1.

DOI: 10.14359/5971

[2] H. F. W. Taylor: Cement Chemistry, (Thomas Telford, London, 1997).

[3] A. Bentur and M. D. Cohen: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 70 (1987), p.738.

[4] M. Frías and M. I. Sánchez de Rojas: Cem. Concr. Res. Vol. 27 (1997), p.619.

[5] M.I. Sánchez de Rojas, F. Marín, J. Rivera and M. Frías: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 89 (2006), p.3701.

[6] H.F.W. Taylor, K. Mohan, and G. K. Moir: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 68 (1985) p.685.

[7] J.M. Khabit and S. Wild: Cem. Concr. Res. Vol. 26 (1996), p.1545.

[8] P.S. Silva and F. P. Glasser: Cem. Concr. Res. Vol. 23 (1993), p.627.

[9] M. Frías and M.I. Sánchez de Rojas: Cem. Concr. Res. Vol. 35 (2005), p.1292.

[10] M. Frías: Adv. Cem. Res. Vol. 18 (2006), p.1.

[11] J. Pera and A. Amrouz: Adv. Cem. Based Mat. Vol. 7 (1998), p.49.

[12] M. Frías, M.I. Sánchez de Rojas, and J. Rivera in: 8th CANMET/ACI Inter. Conference on Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete, Edited by V.M. Malhotra. Las Vegas, U.S.A. (2004), p.879.

DOI: 10.14359/14034

[13] M. Frías, M.I. Sánchez de Rojas, O. Rodríguez, R. García and R. Vigil: Adv. Cem. Res. Vol. 20 (2008), p.23.

[14] I. Vegas, M. Frías, J. Urreta and J.T. San José: Mater. Construcc. Vol. 56 (2006), p.49.

[15] M. Frías, E. Sabador, S. Ferreiro, M.I. Sánchez de Rojas, R. García and R. Vigil: Mater. Construcc. Vol. 58 (2008), p.67.

[16] European standard UNE EN 197-1: 2000/A1: 2005, Composition, specifications and conformity criterions for common cements.

[17] European standard UNE EN 196-1: 2005, Methods of testing cement. Part 1: Determination of strength.

[18] European standard UNE EN 196-3: 2005, Methods of testing cement. Part 3: determination of setting time and soundness.

[19] European standard UNE EN 83811: 1992 EX, Mortars. Test methods. Fresh mortars. Detemination of consistence. Flow table (reference method).

[20] M. Frías, O. Rodríguez, R. García and I. Vegas: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 91 (2008), p.4044.