Characteristic, Microstructure and Properties of Dense Hydroxyapatite Ceramic from Cockle Shell for Biomaterials

Abstract:

Dense hydroxyapatite ceramic can be fabricated from hydroxyapatite (HA) powder prepared from cockle shells. The shell powder was treated at 900°C and co-precipitated with PO₄^3- in NH₄H₂PO₄ solution at Ca/P ratio of 1.67 in order to synthesize the HA powder. HA discs were formed by a hydraulic press machine and sintered at temperature of 1250°C for 2 h in an electric furnace which helps to dense ceramic. The results from FTIR analysis identified the functional groups of HA powder that has the ion stretching vibration around 3574, 2002 cm^-1 for hydroxyl group (OH^-), 1451 cm^-1 for carbonate (CO₃^2-), and phosphate groups (PO₄^3-) were also observed around 1045 and 560 cm^-1 respectively. XRD measurement showed that the ceramic contains hydroxyapatite crystals with β-tricalcium phosphate and calcium oxide as the secondary phase. Morphological evaluations by SEM measurement shows that the HA particles were agglomerated and showed the fractured surface of dense HA when sintered at 1300°C. Grain size ranges from 0.5–1 mm, with an apparent porosity of about 50% of the total area and the pore size ranges from 1–10 mm. Mechanical property measurements show that the dense ceramic contains bending strength of 135 MPa, which is close to the strength of human’s cortical bone (162 MPa).

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volume 940)
• Pages: 3-7
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.940.3
• Online since: December 2018
• Authors: Tiwasawat Sirisoam*, Cherdsak Saelee, Sakdiphon Thiansem, Sittiporn Punyanitya
• Keywords: Biomaterial, Cockle Shell, Hydroxyapatite

References

[1] T. Kokubo, H. Takadama: Biomater. Vol. 27 (2006), p.2907.

[2] B. Basar, A. Tezcaner, D. Keskin, Z. Evis: Ceram. Int. Vol. 36 (2010), p.1633.

[3] P. E. Wang and T. K. Chaki: J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Med. Vol. 4 (1993), p.150.

[4] T. Kokubo, H. M. Kim, and M. Kawashita: Biomater., Vol. 24 (2003), p.2161.

[5] M. C. Kuo and S. K. Yen: Mater. Sci. Eng. C. Vol. 20 (2002), p.153.

[6] M. Descamps, J.C. Hornez and A. Leriche: J. Euro. Ceram. Soc. Vol. 29 (2009), p.369.

[7] Y. Xu, D. Wang, L. Yangand and H. Tang: Mater. Charac. Vol. 47 (2011), p.83.

[8] N. A. M. Barakat, M. S. Khil, A. M. Omran, F. A. Sheikh, and H. Y. Kim: J. Mater. Process. Technol. Vol. 209(2008), p.3408.

[9] S. Sasikumar, R. Vijayaraghavan: Biomater. Artif. Organs. Vol. 19 (2006), p.70.

[10] G. Gergely, F. We´ber, I. Luka´cs, A. L. To´th, Z. E. Horva´th, J. Miha´ly, and C. Bala´zsi: Ceram. Int. Vol. 36 (2009), p.803.

[11] M. Sivakumar, T. S. S. Kumart, K. L. Shantha, and K. P. Rao: Biomater. Vol. 17 (1995), p.1709.

[12] C. Y. Ooi, M. Hamdi, and S. Ramesh: Ceram. Int. Vol. 33 (2006), p.1171.

[13] M. R. Ayatollahi, M. Y. Yahya, H. A. Shirazi, S. A. Hassan: Ceram. Int. Vol.41 (2015) , p.10818.

[14] K. S. Vecchio, X. Zhang, J. B. Massie, M. Wang, and C. W. Kim: Acta. Biomater.Vol. 3 (2012), p.910.