Materials Science Forum Vol. 967

Abstract: The potential of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are well-known for species identification and to establish a phylogenetic relationship. The De-novo transcriptome assembly of Acheta domesticus commonly known as house cricket, is provides important segments of DNA fragments from mitochondrial DNA due to higher abundance of its mRNA. When the reference sequence with gene annotation is absent for assembling and aligning desire gene sequences, like in the present case, the most similar sequence is obtained from online insect mitochondrial genome database to find mitochondrial DNA conserved domains of interested gene from high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data. The RNA-seq data of Acheta domesticus transcriptome is used to retrieve single nucleotide fragment out of 50,046 assembled contigs to discover three important genes from mtDNA of the house cricket. Present study provides effective workflow to identify genes like cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COX1) from mtDNA in large sequence archive of RNA-seq data. These three novel barcode sequences will be useful for genetic identification and evolution investigation of Acheta domesticus. The partial mtDNA sequence with these genes will be important for mitochondrial genome construction.

Abstract: The mitochondria are organelles found within eukaryotic cell, possess own small circular DNA (mtDNA) apart from the most of DNA found in cell nucleus. The transcription and translation of mtDNA requires tRNA that often encoded by mtDNA itself. The mtDNA evolves faster than genomic DNA primary due to mitochondrial dysfunction and pathogenesis. The genes of mitochondria tRNA (mt tRNA) are prone to mutate that links to mitochondrial activity and protein synthesis machinery. It is important to understand the codon use by mt tRNA for Acheta domesticus to understand evolutionary relationship within closely related species and mitochondrial protein synthesis machinery. The present study uses the High throughput RNA sequencing data to identify mt tRNA genes using to examine the codon use for mitochondrial protein synthesis process. The conservative property of tRNA secondary structure assisted identified and confirmed anchored tRNA sequences with respective amino acid anticodon according to genetic code for tRNA in mtDNA. This study provides mt tRNA sequences to understand evolution of mitochondrial tRNA of Acheta domesticus with other related species to establish phylogeny. Moreover, mt tRNAs are the exons that provides partial sequences for mitochondria DNA. The novel approach for tRNA identification will guide other studies for PCR free in silico analysis.

Abstract: Growth hormone regulates reproduction and growth in mammals. A study was conducted to obtain the characteristics of the GH gene, in local pigs in North Sulawesi. Pig samples were obtained from traditional farmers, from four districts in North Sulawesi. DNA extraction and purification, using pig pituitary tissue. Amplification of GH gene, performed by PCR method. Visualization of CO1 gene amplikon, performed by electrophoresis technique. Sequencing, conducted through the First BASE Singapore sequencing service. The results show that there is a variation of local pigs CO1 gene in North Sulawesi. Variations are also found in the amino acid sequence encoded by the GH gene. Knowledge of the characteristics of local pig gh gene, the basics of selection of local pigs superior to North Sulawesi. Key words : growth hormone gen, local pigs, Sulawesi Utara Abstrak Gen growth hormone meregulasi reproduksi dan pertumbuhan pada mamalia. Telah dilaksanakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan karakteristik gen GH pada babi lokal di Sulawesi Utara. Sampel babi diperoleh dari peternak tradisonal dari empat kabupaten di Sulawesi Utara. Ekstraksi dan purifikasi DNA menggunakan jaringan hipofisis babi. Amplifikasi gen GH menggunakan metode PCR. Visualisasi amplikon gen CO1 dilakukan dengan teknik elektroforesis. Sekuensing dilakukan melalui jasa layanan sekuensing First BASE Singapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi gen CO1 babi lokal di Sulawesi Utara. Variasi juga ditemukan pada urutan asam amino yang dikode oleh gen GH. Diketahuinya karakteristik gen GH babi lokal, menjadi dasar seleksi babi lokal unggul Sulawesi Utara.

Abstract: Thermophilic bacteria live at temperatures above 45⁰ C. Many investigations focused on their potential as sources of highly active enzymes ‘termostable enzyme’ and other products such as antibiotics and compatible solutes. Lake Linow is an active volcanic lake located in Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Lake Linow becomes the habitat of thermophilic bacteria. A study has been conducted to obtain isolates of thermophilic bacteria and to identifikasi berdasarkan gen 16 s RNA. Bacterial DNA extraction procedure using the Presto TM Mini gDNA Bacteria Kit Geneaid protocol, with modifications. Amplification of 16s RNA gene using PCR method. Visualization of 16 s RNA amplicon genes with automatic electrophoresis capiler Qiaxel, Qiagen. Sequencing was carried out using Singapore's First BASE Sequencing service. The results showed that IL2 isolates and IL3 isolates could live up to 700C. Alignment analysis results using NCAST BLBI IL2 isolates showed 99% similarity with Bacillus thuringiensis strain H2682 (accession number CP009720.1). While isolate of IL3 thermophilic bacteria showed 94% similarity with Bacillus licheniformis strain 14DA11 (accession number CP023168.1). The results of phylogeny reconstruction with neighbor joining method, gene sequence 16S rRNA isolate IL2 showed the closest relation with Bacillus thuringiensis strain HD1011 (accession number CP009335.1). While IL3 isolate showed the closest relation with Bacillus licheniformis strain 14DA11 (accession number CP023168.1).

Abstract: Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum) is the pathogen that caused fusarium wilt diseases on the tomatoes. The rise of the symptom was caused by secondary metabolic produced by F. oxysporum. The associated with the level of secondary metabolic pathogenesis that cause symptoms of wilt on tomatoes, but secondary metabolic excreted by F. oxysporum was not necessarily wilt in a plant. The phenomenon caused F. oxysporum producing secondary metabolic in the different concentration, either its quantity or quality. The nature of physiology being tested, observed by growing 4 isolates using a medium PDA on the temperature of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C. The content of secondary metabolic measured on the four isolates using the Notz et al., (2002) and analyzed by using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The results of the analysis of the nature of the physiological (colour colonies) were that every isolate planted for 8 days shows the variation of white, white redness, white yellowness until purpleness. Based on Methuen Handbook of Colour (Kornerup & Wanscher, 1978), generally isolates tested shows a bright colour, signaled with A letter at every code. Analysis HPLC on the results of secondary metabolic, either quantity or quality, sequentially were: isolates BAR (3; 1,997 ppm); ENR (3; 5,105 ppm); SID (4; 2,135 ppm) and MAL (5; 2,065 rpm). If it was seen by the relationship between the colour of colonies with the production of the secondary metabolic compound, it seemed that the older or darker colonies’ colour the more secondary compounds formed, but dark or old colonies’ colour does not determine a high quality of acid fusaric produced. Keywords: Colonies colour, F. oxysporum, secondary metabolic .

Abstract: Concentrate is required to be added for forage feeding in order to meet nutritional needs and also to increase the productivity of goat livestock. This study was done gradually and continuously, starting from the making of liquid organic fertilizer with the addition of Morinda fruit bio-activator that used to cultivate Taiwan grass. Furthermore, the Taiwan grass is combined with concentrate to be given to goats every day at different treatment level. During the cultivation process, consumption and weight gain value are generated in goats. It can be concluded that the value of consumption and weight gain are not significant statistically. However, the best weight gain is obtained in K3 treatment with a value of 0.29 kg/day and it is also in line with the value of feed consumption in K3. Taiwan grass as initial feed and concentrate as additional feed in balancing level so that it can fulfill nutritional needs of goat livestock.

Abstract: The present study aims to produce traditional health drinks based on local food product. Sarabba Instan is a traditional Bugis-Makassar Health drink made from enrekang ginger. Sarabba Instan is made through several stages, namely production, stripping, drying, extracting of ginger juice, stirring, and drying. In this study, organoleptic test was conducted to determine the level of consumer preference against Sarabba Instan. Organoleptic test was carried out by panelists from several circles on campus, namely lecturers, staffs, and students. The results show that the three groups liked Sarabba Instan with percentage of preference 90.91%, 85.72%, and 66.68% respectively for lecturers, staffs, and students. Sarabba Instan as a superior innovational food product due to more practical and healthy because it made from natural preservatives namely sugar and aren sugar.

Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of temperature and roasting time on changes in physical characteristics of arabica coffee beans. Rotary type mechanical coffee roaster equipment equipped with a digital temperature measuring device to measure the roasting temperature. The heat source used is from the gas stove with the inner surface temperature of the coffee bean roaster cinder being kept constant. Arabica dry coffee as much as 500 grams with 14 % moisture content is put into the roasting device which has been heated at the desired temperature. The roasting is done by repetition twice for each temperature which is 165 °C, 175 °C, 185 °C and 195 °C with variations in the average length of time ie 35 minutes, 29 minutes, 25 minutes and 23 minutes. The results showed that the temperature and roasting time had an effect on the physical characteristics of the coffee beans, especially the very real color changes and also the changes in the average moisture content of coffee beans were 1.82 %, 1.43 %, 1.12 % respectively. and 0.94 %. Keywords: Arabica coffee, temperature, roasting time, physical characteristics

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of the types of worms found in cow feces in the village of Tamarunang, Gowa Regency, the sampling time was taken from May to October 2017. The sampling technique used a plastic spoon, the sample was put into a plastic label, then the sample is taken to the laboratory to be examined. The results of the research conducted on 150 stool samples from 5 cows, there were 3 types of worms including Oesophagostomum sp (43.45%), Strongyloides sp (20.05%), and Bunostomum sp (36.39%). It showed that the prevalence of nematode infections in Bali cattles found in the Tamarunang village, Gowa Regency would not have a negative impact on the health of livestock, but it should be more attention for livestock managers to better maintain the cleanliness of the location

Abstract: Virgin coconut oil (VCO) which is also known as coconut oil or virgin coconut is coconut oil obtained from fresh coconut meat through a process of heating at low temperatures, freeze drying, fermentation, enzymatic, mechanical pressure or centrifugation. VCO has a higher commercial value because it has many benefits and efficacy, which is only used for food and industrial raw materials for the cosmetic treatment of the body (hand body lotion), can also improve your metabolism and can cope with a variety of disease, thus used as ingredients in traditional medicines. One way of making the VCO is quite interesting by the enzymatic method using a protease derived from agave roots, and agave (palado) leaves. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of existing protease enzymes in plant roots palado, and agave leaves (leaf palado) as materials for VCO on enzymatic methods and and the determination of enzyme activity by Murachi method. The results showed that the enzyme that is at the root of the agave plant (palado root), and leaves of the agave plant (palado petals) can be used as an ingredient in the manufacture of VCO with enzymatic methods. VCO yield resulting from the material between palado leaves, and roots of palado, namely 17.5%. acid number of the resulting VCO is 0.56 (using a leaf Palado), who used the palado roots 0.44. The results of enzyme activity test show that protease enzyme contained in palado leaf extract is bromelin enzyme.