Eco-Friendly Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Using NaOH/Urea Pretreatment

Kraiwit Pakutsah; Duangdao Aht-Ong

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.990.225

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HomeMaterials Science ForumMaterials Science Forum Vol. 990Eco-Friendly Preparation of Nanofibrillated...

Eco-Friendly Preparation of Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Water Hyacinth Using NaOH/Urea Pretreatment

Abstract:

In this work, we described an effective approach to prepare nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) with cellulose II structure under mild condition. Firstly, the water hyacinth (WH) was subjected to a series of a two-step chemical treatment, NaOH/urea pretreatment, and mechanical defibrillation at different defibrillation times. After that, raw water hyacinth fiber (RWF), bleached water hyacinth fiber (BWF), NaOH/urea pretreated water hyacinth fiber (PWF), and the resulting NFC were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as well as rheological measurements. It was found that RWF and BWF exhibited cellulose I crystal structure, whereas PWF and the obtained NFC possessed cellulose II crystal structure. FTIR analysis confirmed the evidence that no other chemical reactions preferentially occurred during both NaOH/urea pretreatment and mechanical defibrillation. As evidenced by rheological properties analysis, the NFC aqueous suspension with a gel-like structure demonstrated a shear-thinning behavior. The obtained NFC could potentially be utilized as a reinforcement for polymeric composites.

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Periodical:

Materials Science Forum (Volume 990)

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225-230

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.990.225

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Online since:

May 2020

Authors:

Kraiwit Pakutsah, Duangdao Aht-Ong*

Keywords:

Nanofibrillated Cellulose, Nanotechnology, NaOH/Urea Pretreatment, Water Hyacinth

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