Electrochemical Performance of Sol-Gel Derived Hexagonal LiMnBO₃ Cathode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract:

An attempt has been made to synthesize hexagonal LiMnBO₃ (h-LMB) through sol-gel technique. The synthesized h-LiMnBO₃ have been examined for their physical and electrochemical characteristics by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Thermal analysis (TG), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy as well as through charge –discharge cycling. XRD results revealed the existence of hexagonal polymorphs with P6 space group. Stability of h-LiMnBO₃ material is analyzed by thermal analysis. SEM image shows spherical shape nanoparticle with the average diameter 50 nm. Raman spectroscopy result indicates the presence of Mn-O vibration. An electrochemical study indicates the sol-gel derived hexagonal LiMnBO₃ delivers a first charging capacity of 97.5 mAh g^-1 and discharging capacity of 55. 85 mAh g^-1 within the potential window of 2V-4.5 V at C/10 rate and retaining a reversible discharge capacity of 42.71 mAh g^-1 at the 10^th cycle.

• Periodical: Nano Hybrids and Composites (Volume 17)
• Pages: 106-112
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/NHC.17.106
• Online since: August 2017
• Authors: Veena Ragupathi*, K. Srimathi, P. Panigrahi, J.W. Lee, Ganapathi Subramanian Nagarajan
• Keywords: Cathode, Electrochemical Performance, Hexagonal LiMnBO₃, Lithium Ion Batteries

References

[1] D. Larcher and J.M. Towards greener and more sustainable batteries for electrical energy storage, Tarascon Nature Chemistry, 7 (2015) 19–29.

DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2085

[2] J.M. Tarascon and M. Armand, review article Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries, Nature, 414 (2001) 359-367.

DOI: 10.1038/35104644

[3] John B. Goodenough and Kyu-Sung Park, The Li-Ion Rechargeable Battery: A Perspective, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 135 (2013) 1167–1176.

DOI: 10.1021/ja3091438

[4] Rotem Marom, S. Francis Amalraj, Nicole Leifer, David Jacob and Doron Aurbach, A review of advanced and practical lithium battery materials, J. Mater. Chem., 21 (2011) 9938-9954.

DOI: 10.1039/c0jm04225k

[5] Naoki Nitta Feixiang, Wu Jung Tae Lee and Gleb Yushin, Li-ion Battery Materials: Present and Future, Materials Today, 18 (2015) 252-264.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2014.10.040

[6] Chaofeng Liu, Zachary G. Neale and Guozhong Cao, Understanding electrochemical potentials of cathode materials in rechargeable batteries, Materials Today Volume 19, Materials Today, 19, (2016) 109.

DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2015.10.009

[7] Zhengliang Gong and Yong Yang, Recent advances in the research of polyanion-type cathode materials for Li-ion batteries, Energy Environ. Sci., 4 (2011) 3223.

DOI: 10.1039/c0ee00713g

[8] Christian M. Julien, Alain Mauger, Karim Zaghib and Henri Groult, Comparative Issues of Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries, Inorganics 2, (2014) 132.

DOI: 10.3390/inorganics2010132

[9] V. Aravindan, K. Karthikeyan, S. Ameresh and Y. S Lee, LiMnBO3/C: A Potential Cathode Material for Lithium Batteries, Bull. Korean chem. Soc 31 (2010) 1506.

[10] Li S, Xu L, Li G, Wang M and Zhai Y, Performance degradation of a direct borohydride fuel cell, J Power Sources 236 (2013) 54.

[11] Barpanda P, Dwibedi D, Ghosh S, Kee Y and Okada, Lithium metal borate (LiMBO3) family of insertion materials for Li-ion batteries: a sneak peak, S Ionics 21 (2015) 1801.

DOI: 10.1007/s11581-015-1463-6

[12] Kim JC, Seo DH, Chen H and Ceder G, The Effect of Antisite Disorder and Particle Size on Li Intercalation Kinetics in Monoclinic LiMnBO3, Adv Energy Mater 5, (2015), 1401916.

DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201401916

[13] V. Legagneur, Y. An, A. Mosbah, R. Portal, A. Le Gal La Salle, A. Verbaere, D. Guyomard and Y. Piffard, LiMBO3 (M=Mn, Fe, Co): synthesis, crystal structure and lithium deinsertion/insertion properties, Solid State Ionics 139 (2001) 37.

DOI: 10.1016/s0167-2738(00)00813-4

[14] Ling Chen, Yanming Zhao, Xiaoning An, Jianmin Liu, Youzhong Dong, Yinghua Chen, Quan Kuang Ling Chen and Yanming Zhao, J. Alloy. Compd, 494 (2010) 415-419.

[15] Shouli Li, Liqiang Xu, Guangda Li, Meng Wang, Yanjun Zhai, Performance degradation of a direct borohydride fuel cell, J. Power Sources 236 (2013) 54-60.

[16] P. Barpanda Y. Yamashita S.C. Chung, Y. Yamada S. Nishimura and A. Yamada Sodium iron pyrophosphate: A novel 3. 0 V iron-based cathode for sodium-ion batteries, ECS Trans, 24 (2013) 116-119.

DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2012.08.028

[17] Dong-Hwa Seo, Young-Uk Park, Sung-Wook Kim, Inchul Park, R. A. Shakoor and Kisuk Kang, First-principles study on lithium metal borate cathodes for lithium rechargeable batteries, Phys. Rev B, 83 (2011) 205127.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.83.205127

[18] Semih Afyon, Christian Mensing, Frank Krumeich, Reinhard Nesper, The electrochemical activity for nano-LiCoBO3 as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries, Solid State Ionics, 256 (2014) 103-108.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ssi.2014.01.010

[19] Yong-Suk Lee and  Hyukjae Lee, Structure and electrochemical behavior of LiMnBO3 synthesized at various temperatures, Electron Mater Lett, (2014) 253- 258.

DOI: 10.1007/s13391-013-3170-7

[20] Y. -S. Lee and H. Lee, Structure and electrochemical behavior of LiMnBO3 synthesized at various temperatures, J Ceram Process Res, 13, (2012) 253-258.

[21] Rui Ma Lianyi Shao Kaiqiang Wu Mengmeng Lao Miao Shui Cheng Chen Dongjie Wang Nengbing Long Yuanlong Ren Jie Shu, A New Look at Lithium Cobalt Oxide in a Broad Voltage Range for Lithium-Ion Batteries, Ceram. Int 39 (2013) 3323-3328.

DOI: 10.1021/jp911994b

[22] Kun-Jae Lee, Lee-Seung Kang, Sunghyun Uhm, Jae Sik Yoon, Dong-Wan Kim and Hyun Seon Hong, Synthesis and characterization of LiMnBO3 cathode material for lithium ion batteries, Curr. Appl. Phy, 13 (2013) 1440.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cap.2013.04.027

[23] Kaliyappan Karthikeyan and Yun Sung Lee, Microwave synthesis of high rate nanostructured LiMnBO3 with excellent cyclic behavior for lithium ion batteries, RSC Adv., 4 (2014) 31851.

DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04400b

[24] Ting Ma, Arzugul Muslim and Zhi Su, Microwave synthesis and electrochemical properties of lithium manganese borate as cathode for lithium ion batteries J. Power Sources, 282 (2015) 95.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.02.013

[25] Anping Tang, Donghua He, Zeqiang He, Guorong Xu, Haishen Song and Ronghua Peng, Electrochemical performance of LiMnBO3/C composite synthesized by a combination of impregnation and precipitation followed by annealing, J. Power Sources 275 (2015).

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.11.087

[26] Semih Afyon, Dipan Kundu, Frank Krumeich and Reinhard Nesper, A low dimensional composite of hexagonal lithium manganese borate (LiMnBO3), a cathode material for Li-ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 224 (2013) 145.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.09.099

[27] Anping Tang, Donghua He, Jie Shen, Guorong Xiu and Ronghua Peng, Improved Synthesis of Graphene Oxide 59, 63 ECS Trans, (2014).