Solid State Phenomena Vol. 214

Abstract: This paper presents a conception of a system designed for monitoring combustion process in a multi-cylinder combustion engine. The proposed system is based on the application of a pressure sensor installed in one of the engine’s cylinders. The analysis of the combustion process in the remaining cylinders is possible as a result of analyzing the course of the rotational speed by means of a sensor with a large resolution integrated with engine control phase sensor. This paper presents results of the initial testing of its operation and results of research into a system named CPMOS (Combustion Process Onboard Monitoring System) dedicated to a self-ignition engine of an off-highway vehicle. The use of an algorithm which applies a synthesis of a pressure sensor signal and rotational speed sensor offers the possibility of gaining a reconstructed course of pressure in all cylinders in the engine. The proposed measurement of pressure in a cylinder not involving fuel injection system can provide more detailed information regarding the course of the combustion process in the particular cylinders. The proposed concept of the CPMOS system leads to a decrease in the overall system cost as a result of the application of a single pressure sensor in a single cylinder. The future potential application of the monitoring of the combustion in each cylinder can enable the improvement of the operating parameters of the cylinders as a result of optimizing the control of the fuel injection system, EGR system and systems used for limiting exhaust gases used in the vehicle.

Abstract: Focus of this contribution is the constructive and functional design of an entire energetic optimized battery electric vehicle. This vehicle called M(echatronic)-Mobile was designed at the university Ostfalia using a holistic model based design approach in a continuous verification-orientated process from Model-in-the-Loop (MiL) over Software-in-the-Loop (SiL) to Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL).

Abstract: This elaboration presents a dynamic model of an Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) developed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The electromagnetic field is calculated on the basis of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The calculated electromagnetic force is applied to the rotor, which is free to move. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method for mesh deformation is applied to achieve rotor motion on the bearing plane. The planar rotor motion is described by a set of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) solved in parallel to the electromagnetic field calculations. To enable rotor levitation, three local PD controllers are applied. The mathematical formulas of the control action are coded in the form of COMSOL equations and embedded into the rotor motion ODEs.

Abstract: The calculation results for the thermal field of the permanent magnet tubular linear actuator (PMTLA) have been presented in the paper. For the analysis of heating, four different mathematical field models have been created and compared. Each of them uses the finite element method (FEM). In the most simplify model only the standard convective heat transfer coefficient has been implemented. In the most sophisticated model, thermal radiation, convective heat transfer and dependence of the coil resistance vs. temperature have been included. In all models the Joule losses have been assumed as the heat source. The numerical models have been verified experimentally with using the infrared camera and by measuring the coil resistance. Using the most precise model, the nominal current value has been determined for PMTLAs with two different permanent magnet types: NdFeB and SmCo. The conclusions are valuable in the designing process of many actuators with permanent magnets.

Abstract: The mathematical and physical models of the permanent magnet tubular linear actuator (PMTLA) including control and supply system are presented in the paper. In the numerical analysis a field-circuit model is used. The field model is calculated using the finite element method (FEM), while the circuit model is implemented in Matlab/Simulink software. Both models are coupled using the look-up tables in Matlab software. To verify the calculations, the real drive system has been build. It consists of supply and control system, PC and sensors. The supply system is connected to the controller, which uses the Texas Instruments digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F2812. The processor is linked with the PC, where the control algorithm as well as the graphical user interface (GUI) have been developed in the Matlab/Simulink package using the extended toolboxes. Data transfer is realized using the LPT port supported by the Real Time Workshop. With using this system, the calculation results obtained from the numerical model have been compared with the measured ones. A good conformity was obtained.

Abstract: The paper presents numerical modeling of 8-pole radial active magnetic bearing based on 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional magnetic field computation with nonlinear characteristic of magnetic material. In this work has been used numerical models based on finite element methods. In paper has been specified differences between two and three dimensional models. Results of numerical calculation have been verified by measurement of magnetic field distribution and inductances of windings.

Abstract: Electrical steel sheets play an important role in magnetic circuit core design of electrical machines. Electrical steel are graded depending on value of specific total loss (P_S). According to the present knowledge the P_S loss consists of three components: hysteresis loss and both classical and additional eddy current loss components. Magnetic properties depend on direction of magnetization i.e. magnetocrystalline anisotropy. The determination of the specific power loss separation of electrical steel sheets in different direction to rolling direction have been performed using non-standard single sheet tester. Specific total loss was separated into hysteresis, eddy current and excess loss components. The relationship between the hysteresis and additional loss components and the magnetic anisotropy was analyzed. The aim of this paper is to provide a contribution to the better understanding of specific total loss in electrical steel with Goss texture.

Abstract: The paper presents numerical modeling of an Axial Active Magnetic Bearing (AAMB) based on two-dimensional (2D) magnetic field computation. The calculations, assisted by the Finite Element Method (FEM), have focused on the determination of the magnetic flux density and the magnetic force. Obtained magnetic field parameters were then measured and verified on a physical model.