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Online since: September 2016
Authors: I.V. Chumanov, A.N. Dildin
According to the data, this variant is less energy intensive than smelting reduction processes of the entire volume of the slag without prior restorative procedures.
These data in general correspond to culculated parameters.
The chemical composition metallic part of the melt after liquid-phase recovery (composition excluding carbon) The type of slag in the initial mixture The content of component in received metal, [wt. %] Fe Cr Ni Mn Cu The initial nonmagnetic 87.68 7.56 4.45 0.31 - The initial magnetic 89.40 5.22 4.92 0.46 - Non-magnetic, prereduced at 1200 °C 88.95 4.84 6.21 - - Magnetic, prereduced at 1200 °C 89.09 5.91 3.54 0.52 0.94 The obtained data confirm previously conducted in vitro studies on liquid-phase recovery of slag melt [3, 4] and demonstrate the effectiveness of recovery components of slag coke carbon (graphite) and gaseous environment that includes carbon monoxide.
Eremyashev, Solid-phase reduction of waste products in steelmaking, Metallurgist. 56 (2012) 91-96
These data in general correspond to culculated parameters.
The chemical composition metallic part of the melt after liquid-phase recovery (composition excluding carbon) The type of slag in the initial mixture The content of component in received metal, [wt. %] Fe Cr Ni Mn Cu The initial nonmagnetic 87.68 7.56 4.45 0.31 - The initial magnetic 89.40 5.22 4.92 0.46 - Non-magnetic, prereduced at 1200 °C 88.95 4.84 6.21 - - Magnetic, prereduced at 1200 °C 89.09 5.91 3.54 0.52 0.94 The obtained data confirm previously conducted in vitro studies on liquid-phase recovery of slag melt [3, 4] and demonstrate the effectiveness of recovery components of slag coke carbon (graphite) and gaseous environment that includes carbon monoxide.
Eremyashev, Solid-phase reduction of waste products in steelmaking, Metallurgist. 56 (2012) 91-96
Online since: March 2017
Authors: Tawatchai Charinpanitkul, Kreangkrai Maneeintr
Samples are taken for 3 times to analyze the vapor-liquid equilibrium data by using titration with 1M HCl.
An increase in cyclic capacity will lead to decreased absorbent circulation rate thus leading to the reduction of the overall capital and operating costs and resulting in the decrease in carbon dioxide capture cost.
Summary In this study, the vapor-liquid equilibrium data of CO2 in aqueous solution of 2-MAE and 3-AP are investigated in term of CO2 loading capacity in comparison with MEA solution.
This means that an increase in cyclic capacity can lead to the decrease in energy requirement for solution regeneration and liquid-circulation rate, leading to the reduction of the overall capital and operating costs and resulting in the decrease in cost of carbon capture.
Data Vol. 37 (1994), p. 96 [8] H.
An increase in cyclic capacity will lead to decreased absorbent circulation rate thus leading to the reduction of the overall capital and operating costs and resulting in the decrease in carbon dioxide capture cost.
Summary In this study, the vapor-liquid equilibrium data of CO2 in aqueous solution of 2-MAE and 3-AP are investigated in term of CO2 loading capacity in comparison with MEA solution.
This means that an increase in cyclic capacity can lead to the decrease in energy requirement for solution regeneration and liquid-circulation rate, leading to the reduction of the overall capital and operating costs and resulting in the decrease in cost of carbon capture.
Data Vol. 37 (1994), p. 96 [8] H.
Online since: February 2012
Authors: Yan Liu
Introduction
Along with more and more extensive application of the Internet , the control and management of the Internet is also put forward new demands, such as the implement in the network security measures and implementing quality of service(QoS)control.These are need for network monitoring and implementation of certain operational status of network measurements to measure the status of network operation which can be measured in differentnetwork parameters, but in a variety of measurement methods, the sampling is the most commonly used, which rely on sampling some of the data to estimate the present state of the network[1].However, in the actual process of sampling, there will be leakage sampling situation, for example, a fixed sampling algorithm in N is a message selected 1 message, to flow collection.
Flow measurement as meet specific attribute network message in a clustering method, which not only can satisfy the fine-grained network management needs in the data storage and data processing and also has a better advantage.
g) Network overview Analysis of the flow of information which is stored in the server to the reduction of the corresponding network at the sampling rate.
The flow sampling method based on the application group, firstly identifing the received packet and getting the packet corresponding to the type of application; according to the type of application to the message is sent to the corresponding application packet sample space, and record the number of packets is sent to sample space of the application group; the number of packets reaches a preset sampling value, determines the message for the sampled message; analyzing the sampled message flow information acquisition, and the flow of information is sent to the server, so the server stores the flow information ( five yuan ), network overview analysis flow information stored in the server., to the sampling rate for the reduction of the corresponding network.The sampling method for the received message identification, and identification of messages are sent to the corresponding application packet sample space, then, for each individual sample space sampling.
Flow measurement as meet specific attribute network message in a clustering method, which not only can satisfy the fine-grained network management needs in the data storage and data processing and also has a better advantage.
g) Network overview Analysis of the flow of information which is stored in the server to the reduction of the corresponding network at the sampling rate.
The flow sampling method based on the application group, firstly identifing the received packet and getting the packet corresponding to the type of application; according to the type of application to the message is sent to the corresponding application packet sample space, and record the number of packets is sent to sample space of the application group; the number of packets reaches a preset sampling value, determines the message for the sampled message; analyzing the sampled message flow information acquisition, and the flow of information is sent to the server, so the server stores the flow information ( five yuan ), network overview analysis flow information stored in the server., to the sampling rate for the reduction of the corresponding network.The sampling method for the received message identification, and identification of messages are sent to the corresponding application packet sample space, then, for each individual sample space sampling.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Dong Hua Wang, Xin Fu
The carbothermal reduction of the xerogels produced porous SiC with a surface area of 112 m2 /g.
Parmentier et al. prepared mesoporous SiC by infiltration of carbon into MCM-48 and then carbothermal reduction.
The carbothermal reduction of the xerogel.
The FTIR datas were collected using a Nicolet 470 FTIR spectrometer operating at a resolution of 4 cm-1.
In other hand, cobalt component in the xerogels also acts as catalyst during the carbothermal reduction.
Parmentier et al. prepared mesoporous SiC by infiltration of carbon into MCM-48 and then carbothermal reduction.
The carbothermal reduction of the xerogel.
The FTIR datas were collected using a Nicolet 470 FTIR spectrometer operating at a resolution of 4 cm-1.
In other hand, cobalt component in the xerogels also acts as catalyst during the carbothermal reduction.
Online since: December 2015
Authors: Akkarat Wongkaew, Chanida Soontornkallapaki, Naritsara Amhae, Wichet Lamai
Band gap energy of each film was calculated from the transmittance data.
This may due to the reduction of band gap energy in the presence of ZnO in TiO2/SiO2 films to 2.41 eV and the roughness of the film.
The data of absorbance and transmission of thin films from UV-Vis spectrophotometer are related to band gap energy of the films [10].
The band gap energy of the film was estimated from absorption and transmission data.
The reduction of band gap energy induces the superhydrophilicity with the excitation of low energy source (sunlight).
This may due to the reduction of band gap energy in the presence of ZnO in TiO2/SiO2 films to 2.41 eV and the roughness of the film.
The data of absorbance and transmission of thin films from UV-Vis spectrophotometer are related to band gap energy of the films [10].
The band gap energy of the film was estimated from absorption and transmission data.
The reduction of band gap energy induces the superhydrophilicity with the excitation of low energy source (sunlight).
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Xiao Yan Tang, Yin Jing Wan, Wen Lin Wang, Bin Liang
Zhu et al. [10] investigated the domestic pollution sources in one village of Taihu Lake Basin, and obtained data on the production and main destination of rural domestic sewage and wastes of farmer households associated with different income levels.
Therefore, relevant estimates did not reflect the effect of pollutant reduction and the reduction of pollution discharge corresponding to different reduction measures [12,13] .
Results Pollutant producing coefficient According to the PPC calculation formula, 36 sets of data (1 time × 12 month × 3 household) of N- and P-PPC of domestic sewage and organic wastes were calculated for monitored farmer households at different income levels (Dec 2011–Nov 2012) (Fig.1(a), Fig.2(a,b,c)).
Pollutants producing coefficient of N and P in domestic sewage Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on each set of data related to different income levels (n = 36) (Table 3).
At present, research regarding the transport and transformation of non-point source pollution in the environment largely focuses on macro-scale modeling estimation [25-28], which lack quantitative data.
Therefore, relevant estimates did not reflect the effect of pollutant reduction and the reduction of pollution discharge corresponding to different reduction measures [12,13] .
Results Pollutant producing coefficient According to the PPC calculation formula, 36 sets of data (1 time × 12 month × 3 household) of N- and P-PPC of domestic sewage and organic wastes were calculated for monitored farmer households at different income levels (Dec 2011–Nov 2012) (Fig.1(a), Fig.2(a,b,c)).
Pollutants producing coefficient of N and P in domestic sewage Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on each set of data related to different income levels (n = 36) (Table 3).
At present, research regarding the transport and transformation of non-point source pollution in the environment largely focuses on macro-scale modeling estimation [25-28], which lack quantitative data.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Yin Zhang, Yun Liu
The (real) beam deflection given by this new model deviates more or less from either an arc-shape or an S-shape, which has significant impact on the interpretation of experimental data.
Adhesion energy is defined as the reduction of the surface energy per unit area when combining two surfaces into one interface [15], which is also referred to as the surface interaction energy [1,2].
However, the inconsistency and unreliability of the experimental data obtained in the beam stiction test using above Eq. (1) have been noticed [1].
This reduction of surface energy is the mechanism responsible for the microstructure stiction.
The difference of the deflection shapes has a direct impact on the calculation of the system energy and thus the interpretation of experimental data.
Adhesion energy is defined as the reduction of the surface energy per unit area when combining two surfaces into one interface [15], which is also referred to as the surface interaction energy [1,2].
However, the inconsistency and unreliability of the experimental data obtained in the beam stiction test using above Eq. (1) have been noticed [1].
This reduction of surface energy is the mechanism responsible for the microstructure stiction.
The difference of the deflection shapes has a direct impact on the calculation of the system energy and thus the interpretation of experimental data.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Gert Jan Swinkels, Piet Sonneveld
The optimization process is based on a maximal total annual electricity production and is performed with a ray tracing model and actual radiation data.
The optimizations are based on a maximal total annual electricity production and were done with a ray tracing model and actual radiation data.
The results in this paper are based on averaged hourly data of direct radiation, measured in Wageningen the Netherlands during 2007, 2008 and 2009.
According to a quick scan a reduction of 10 - 15% in electricity production should be expected.
Performance of the system with 17 flat, 193 cm wide lamellae showing the effects of shading on the PV-module, up to 34% annual electricity reduction for PV-cells of 10 mm width.
The optimizations are based on a maximal total annual electricity production and were done with a ray tracing model and actual radiation data.
The results in this paper are based on averaged hourly data of direct radiation, measured in Wageningen the Netherlands during 2007, 2008 and 2009.
According to a quick scan a reduction of 10 - 15% in electricity production should be expected.
Performance of the system with 17 flat, 193 cm wide lamellae showing the effects of shading on the PV-module, up to 34% annual electricity reduction for PV-cells of 10 mm width.
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Zhen Hua Liu
Based on actual data from 1990 to 2010, disasters of flood and waterloging impact on agricultural production and water conservancy facilities is analysed.The rate of areas covered is the highest rate in 1991,reaching 16.4 percent, the average rate 8.96 percent; The rate of areas affected is the highest rate in 2003,reaching 63.8 percent, the average rate 54.4 percent; The rate of areas affected completely in Hainan is the highest rate in 2010 in china,reaching 57.4 percent, usually about from 20 percent to 40 percent.
The phosphorus and potassium contents in rice decreased under flooding conditions as compared with those under control,and further decreased with the increase of water depth and the prolongation of flooding time,the reduction of grain yield had significant positive correlations with the contents of phosphorus and potassium in plant[6].
Young ear necrosis, rice pollen destruction are the main reason for reduction of output of early rice,the main effect of rice tillering delay is the growth period prolonged;Critical death time of early rice submersed in gravidity and milk stage is 5.4 days,about 130 hours,all the dead time was more than 8 days; Critical death time of semilate rice submersed in tillering stage is 6 days,about 140 hours, all the putrefactive time was more than 8 days[9].
The area affected by flood disaster in China has 3-year,9-year and 17-year characteristic time scales and the corresponding cyclical variation[12].According to bulletin of flood and drought disasters in china from 2006 to 2010 and china statistical yearbook in 2010, by the data processing and analysis,the rate of areas covered is shown in Figure 1, the rate of areas affected is shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 3 Damaged embankments and locks Fig. 4 Reservoirs and the direct economic losses and embankment length According to bulletin of flood and drought disasters in china from 2006 to 2010, by the data processing and analysis,the damaged embankments and locks and embankment length caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is shown in Figure 4, small,large and medium reservoirs,and economic losses caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is shown in Figure 5.Figure 4 shows that the number of the damaged embankments reduces gradually from 2006 to 2008,but increases rapidly in 2009 and in 2010, especially in 2010;The damaged embankments length increases slowly from 2006 to 2009, but increases rapidly in 2010;The number of locks increases slightly and decreased largely, and then increases sharply,from 2006 to 2010.
The phosphorus and potassium contents in rice decreased under flooding conditions as compared with those under control,and further decreased with the increase of water depth and the prolongation of flooding time,the reduction of grain yield had significant positive correlations with the contents of phosphorus and potassium in plant[6].
Young ear necrosis, rice pollen destruction are the main reason for reduction of output of early rice,the main effect of rice tillering delay is the growth period prolonged;Critical death time of early rice submersed in gravidity and milk stage is 5.4 days,about 130 hours,all the dead time was more than 8 days; Critical death time of semilate rice submersed in tillering stage is 6 days,about 140 hours, all the putrefactive time was more than 8 days[9].
The area affected by flood disaster in China has 3-year,9-year and 17-year characteristic time scales and the corresponding cyclical variation[12].According to bulletin of flood and drought disasters in china from 2006 to 2010 and china statistical yearbook in 2010, by the data processing and analysis,the rate of areas covered is shown in Figure 1, the rate of areas affected is shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 3 Damaged embankments and locks Fig. 4 Reservoirs and the direct economic losses and embankment length According to bulletin of flood and drought disasters in china from 2006 to 2010, by the data processing and analysis,the damaged embankments and locks and embankment length caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is shown in Figure 4, small,large and medium reservoirs,and economic losses caused by disasters of flood and waterloging is shown in Figure 5.Figure 4 shows that the number of the damaged embankments reduces gradually from 2006 to 2008,but increases rapidly in 2009 and in 2010, especially in 2010;The damaged embankments length increases slowly from 2006 to 2009, but increases rapidly in 2010;The number of locks increases slightly and decreased largely, and then increases sharply,from 2006 to 2010.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Wen Sheng Ou, Yu Chan Chao, Po Yen Kuo, Pong Kuang Tseng
Lin Hsien-Te; "Life Cycle CO2 Emissions of Building Utility lines in Taiwan" [5] again supplemented the foregoing database by providing data for more than 20 types of utilities line materials.
This study therefore places special emphasis on building violations, and employs building violation data compiled by the building management unit of Tainan City as a basis for the classification of illegal structures.
Analysis of building violations This study analyzed building violation data derived from inspections performed by Tainan City Government's building management office from 2001 to 2007.
The raw sample contained 8,100 data entries.
Types of illegal structures According to the 2001-2007 inspection data, total building violation floor area was 423,308m2.
This study therefore places special emphasis on building violations, and employs building violation data compiled by the building management unit of Tainan City as a basis for the classification of illegal structures.
Analysis of building violations This study analyzed building violation data derived from inspections performed by Tainan City Government's building management office from 2001 to 2007.
The raw sample contained 8,100 data entries.
Types of illegal structures According to the 2001-2007 inspection data, total building violation floor area was 423,308m2.