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The data of Palladium powder and place at different cyanide concentrations, different temperature and different oxygen pressure are obtained.
A pure metal palladium place rotating disk with a 2cm diameter and high 0.4mm was used to obtain dissolution rate data.
Dissolution involves an electrochemical process in which the anodic reaction is Palladium oxidation while the cathodic reaction is oxygen reduction.
Fig.7 Effect of PO2 on percent on ratio of Pd cyanide Fig.8 Effect of PO2 on percent on ratio of Pt cyanide dissolution(NaCN 12.5 g/L,140 °C, 3 h) dissolution(NaCN 12.5 g/L,140 °C, 3 h) Conclusions For a further understanding of the behaviour of PGMs in the pressure cyanide leaching process, some new explanations are proposed in the present paper. (1)The cyanide leaching rate of Palladium powder > Palladium place appears to be related to the metal size. (2)The rate for the dissolution of Palladium in cyanide solution is with respect to O2 pressure. (3)The dissolution mechanism involves an electrochemical process in which the anodic reaction is palladium oxidation while the cathodic reaction is oxygen reduction and bonding mechanism of cyanide and oxygen adsorbed on Palladium metal. (4)The dissolution behavior of Palladium as a function of cyanide and oxygen concentration.

The pre-processing in forging employed standard data— material selection, billet drawing, top and bottom dies design, meshing and simulation control.
The data highlighted that higher forging temperatures result in lower deformation resistance and that maximum effective stress and strain decreases as forging temperature increases.
The DEFORM-3D software basic modeler was used to generate material inter-object material data, which was then used to determine the link between the changes from one phase to the next.
Using the DEFORM 2D User's Manual,[28] proposed material data, Pre-Processor, and Post-Processor simulation techniques.
A "database" is the primary data storage location for both original input and selected solution steps, and it encompasses the whole simulation set of data, including simulation control, object data, relational inter-object data, and material data [28].

This was used for a priori simulations to compare with experiment, and also for analysis of experimental data, as expressions for SIF in homogeneous materials are inappropriate for use with graded materials.
Fig. 2: Results for homogeneous composites: (a) Variation of Young's modulus and crack initiation toughness with composition, with EMA predictions for Young's modulus and an exponential fit to toughness data.
For analysis of experimental data, the measured crack path coordinates and load values were used, along with assumed spatial property variation, to calculate stress intensity factors and fracture toughness.
In this case, the crack traversed a large portion of the gradient so a series of sudden reductions in toughness were observed, corresponding to the crack moving from one step to the next.
The R-curve effects diminished with increasing epoxy content, so that the reductions in resistance at interfaces led to an overall reduction in the total fatigue resistance.

GNPs Colloid is prepared according to the Frens method from the reduction of HAuCl4 by sodium citrate [20].
And the lifetime data are listed on the rightmost column of Table 2.
Experimental data in Table 2 shows that lifetime of the membrane grows with the increasing lecithin concentration.
Particularly, the lifetime of the lipid membrane with a cyclohexane concentration of 100% significantly deviates from the other data, indicating the poor stability of the formed lipid membrane.
Because of which, the reduction of [Fe(CN)6]3- is much easier than the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4-.

On application of CKD, additional reductions in plasticity were observed.
Figure 2 Plasticity Index of contaminated and treated specimens as a function of chemical concentration Compaction characteristics: The compaction characteristics data of the contaminated test specimens and treated test specimens are reported in Figures 3 and 4.
The dry unit weight of soil specimens was slightly lowered on contamination notwithstanding the reductions in plasticity of the soil, which is expected to bring about higher dry unit weight as well as strength properties.
The influence of the degree of contamination on hydraulic conductivity of lateritic soil is illustrated by the data shown in Figure 5.
Figure 6 reports the UCS data for test specimens contaminated separately with the three solvents at 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% concentration.

Because of the higher reactive temperatures, the faster rates of VSS degradation can be gotten in a short time, which reach a lower level of effluent TSS concentration and a good effect of reduction.
The mixing operation for reduction of the strains was very an important factor related to stirring the fermented liquid matrix, DO, and the thermophilic bacteria.
The experiment results in Figure 3 show that the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) in the ATAD system was not a proper state of DO in early batch tests under anaerobic condition.
According to the data in Table 2, the regression curve could be drawn through Figure 4 for influent TSS concentration of 17.28 g / L.
(7) The comparison of calculated data by equation (7) with the values of experimental data are shown in Table 2.

Fluorite is often mixed together with the two materials in a range of 2-3% to catalyze the MgO reduction.
It has been reported that for 1 ton of Mg metal produced from the MgO reduction 6-8 tons of the Mg slag were generated [3, 4].
Fig. 3 plots the related data and indicates a direct relation between the two, while the distribution of Fe3+ ions is less than 50%.
Our present and early studies [5-7] demonstrate that most of the fluorite could stay in the Mg slag after catalyzing the MgO reduction inside retorts.
Conditions of MgO reduction should thus be improved to minimize amounts of fluorite used as the reducing catalyzer.

., removal or reduction of Al content from the IGP, resulting in an improved refractoriness of the IGP.
The removal or the reduction of Al content, by incorporating it into the SiC lattice from the liquid composition, increases the refractoriness of the IGP [8,14].
Flexural strength data of some selected ceramics as a function of temperature up to 1600o C are shown in Fig. 9.
The strength of SCLu5 at 1600o C was ∼430 ± 100 MPa and the large scattering of the data indicates brittle fracture.
Excellent high temperature strength of the SiC ceramics was attributed to the crystallization of IGP and the introduction of Al into SiC (Fig. 5 and Fig. 6), i.e., the removal or the reduction of Al content from the grain boundary composition.

Comparison of the calculated results with experimental data for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3– PbTiO3 ceramics is presented. 1.
Decreasing results in the reduction of polarization value at saturation field of the sample and also in the reduction of hysteresis loop steepness. 3.
The XRD data indicates that most of matrix grains were well-oriented and there were almost negligible residual randomly-oriented matrix grains.
The experimental data on hysteresis loops of these PMN–PT-xBT ceramics, , and results of calculations are presented in Figs.9–11.
Comparison of the calculated results with experimental data for Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3– PbTiO3 ceramics.

The well dispersion of graphene in aluminum matrix could facilitate the electron transport and to induce the pore reduction throughout the matrix.
The well dispersion of graphene in aluminum matrix could facilitate the electron transport and to induce the pore reduction throughout the matrix.
Data 13 (1984) 1131-1172.