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Extract Thitiphan Chimsook1,a 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, Thailand athitiphan.cs@gmail.com Keywords: Spirogyra spp., Nanostructured lipid carriers, Encapsulation Abstract.
In the pattern of AS–NLC, the broad predominated at 2θ scattered angles 19.4◦ and 23.5◦ can possibly be attributed to the crystalline structure of GMS.
Acknowledgement We are thankful to National Research Council of Thailand, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Maejo University for financial support and providing all necessary facilities to conduct the experiments.

In this pattern well-defined and very intense diffraction peaks are observed at around 44.84 and 65.27°, which can be indexed to the (110) and (200) reflections of the body centered cubic (bcc) crystal structure of a-iron (space group Im3m).
Guérin: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol. 12 (2010), p.12760
Mendoza-Reséndez: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C Vol. 118 (2014), p. 21128

The possible cathodic and anodic electrochemical reactions can be suggested as: Anode: 2H2PO4- → ½ O2 + H4P2O7 + 2e- Cathode: 2H+ + 2e- → H2 Phosphate chemistry is complex and we have not verified that H4P2O7 is formed and not other forms of merged phosphates.
This is the most significant result of this study, because it means that affordable construction materials and possibly cheap Ni-structures as electrocatalysts can be used in intermediate temperature water electrolyser systems.
[12] "Handbook of Analytical Chemistry", L Meites, ed., McGraw Hill, NY (1963).

The new Synthesis of Quinoxaline Derivatives monomer LEI Xiaolong1,a, SUN Xiaoxia1,b*, ZHANG Peilin1,c, HU Yu2,d* 1Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China 2Experimental Chemistry Center, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, China aleichenglong2010@126.com; bsunxiaoxia77@126.com; czhangpeilin9092@163.com; dhuyu@ncu.edu.cn Keywords: monomers; synthesis; electron-deficient quinoxaline Abstract: The monomer of 2,3-di(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxaline (M1) and 2,3-di(thiophen-2-yl) 1,4-pyradiazine (M2) have been synthesized in moderate yields over two steps from readily available starting materials.
Structures of the monomers were determined by H-NMR techniques.

To overcome these problems, colloidal processing offers the potential to reliably Title of Publication (to be inserted by the publisher) 217 produce ceramic bodies through careful control of initial suspension structure and its evolution during fabrication [7, 8].
Other relevant factor in colloidal processing is the surface chemistry of the particles.
[2] Antoaneta Folea, Natasia Panait, Stefania Stoleriu: “Dense Alumina Ceramics”, 12th International Conference on Chemistry and Chemical Engineering

In APD, controlled drying of gel is carried out in order to remove the pore solvent carefully without breaking the structure.
Figure 1: Granular silica aerogel Results and Discussions Hydrolysis of sol in presence of NH4F [[2] Brinker & Scherer, Sol-Gel Science: The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-Gel Processing, Academic Press, 1990 ] is as given by Eq.-1.
(1) The condensation due to the combined effect of NH4F and NH4OH proceeds as per Eq-2: (2) (OC2H5)–Si–(OH)3 + Si(OH)4 → (OH)3–Si–O–Si-(OH)3 + C2H5OH Ageing strengthens the gel network by syneresis or ostwald ripening [[4] R.K.Iler, The chemistry of Silica, Wiley, new York, 1979 ].

The synthetic ratio and grain size of zircon with different solvents solvents PrOH CH2Cl2 C2H5OH PriOH DMF Yield(%) 64.6 84.3 94.5 41.2 38.4 Particle Size (nm) ~110 ~30 ~25 ~80 ~35 The chemistry theory of the nonhydrolytic sol-gel process is to form metallic oxide linkage (M-O-M’) by direct polycondensation through the nucleophilic substitution with the formation of byproduct alkyl halide and metal oxide sol particles.
The structure of aprotic solvent DMF is shown in Eq.(2) [15], oxygen with part of negative charge exposed, which can solvate metal cation, and nitrogen with part of positive charge can not solvate anion due to the cloak of two methyl, which isn’t beneficial to the breakage of C-O band, so the nucleophilic substitution using DMF and CH2Cl2 as solvents is prone to SN2 substitution.
[15] S.H.Fan, Y.M.Cui, The role of different solvents in nucleophilic substitution reactions, chemistry education (in Chinese). 2(2004)53-56.

To extract the natural frequencies, we need to excite the structure using modal hammer by applying an impulse force on the test specimen.
Lee, "A review on carbon nanotubes and graphene as fillers in reinforced polymer nanocomposites," Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, (2014)
Galiotis, "Carbon nanotube–polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties," Progress in Polymer Science, vol. 35 (2010), pp. 357-401

Evaluation of the growth mechanism of Ti-containing conversion coatings using XPS Włodzimierz Tylus1,a*, Juliusz Winiarski1,b, and Bogdan Szczygieł3,c 1Surface Engineering, Catalysis and Corrosion Division, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland a*wlodzimierz.tylus@pwr.edu.pl, b juliusz.winiarski@pwr.edu.pl, c bogdan.szczygiel@pwr.edu.pl Keywords: XPS; conversion coating; zinc coating.
When investigating ZnTiO3/TiO2, Krylova et al. [2] assigned the energy of 1022.1 eV to the Zn-O-Ti and OH-Zn-O-Ti-O bonds, and on a TiO2 substrate admixed with SiO2 in the amount of 5% and having the suggested bond structure: O-Ti-O-Si-OH, would observe a further shift of the Zn 2p3/2 bond energy to 1022.4 eV.
Acknowledgements The work was financed by a statutory activity subsidy from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education for the Faculty of Chemistry of Wrocław University of Technology nr S30141/I-26 References [1] B.

This acknowledges the fact that 3D cross-linked structures of thermosets lock the graphene particles, hence hindering the sheets from positioning on the burning surface and producing a protective charred yield upon fire.
Chemistry of Materials, 2007. 19(18): p. 4396-4404
Journal of Materials Chemistry, 2011. 21(10): p. 3301-3310