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Online since: July 2012
Authors: Hong Chen, Jin Liang
Introduction
Nanocrystalline materials have attracted great interest because of their unique physical and chemical properties, which are significantly different from their microcrystalline counterparts[1].
During the reaction, the main factors that affect the particle size of cerium oxide are the concentration of cerium nitrate solution, the molar ratio of hexamethylenetetramine to cerium nitrate, the aging way.
Each factor take 4 levels and use orthogonal method to arrange test, factors and levels of orthogonal experiment are shown in Table 1.
Results and discussion Orthogonal experiment results Table 2 Orthogonal test scheme and results No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Test scheme A1B1C1 A1B2C2 A1B3C3 A1B4C4 A2B1C2 A2B2C3 A2B3C44 A2B4C1 Transmittance(%) 87.7 83.1 79.5 84.2 83.8 87.4 81.5 85.4 No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Test scheme A3B1C3 A3B2C4 A3B3C1 A3B4C2 A4B1C4 A4B2C1 A4B3C2 A4B4C3 Transmittance(%) 57.8 34.3 67.1 78.0 84.2 65.2 54.3 84.6 In the liquid phase reaction process, the main factors that affect the nucleation and growth rate are the concentration of reactants, the nature and composition of the solution, in addition, the use of dispersants, reaction temperature and reaction time, drying temperature and calcination temperature also have a great impact on particle morphology and size.
Here, we propose transmittance as an indicator to examine the effect of three main factors: concentration of reactants, the molar ratio between reactants and different aging way on the particle size, the results are shown in Table 2.
During the reaction, the main factors that affect the particle size of cerium oxide are the concentration of cerium nitrate solution, the molar ratio of hexamethylenetetramine to cerium nitrate, the aging way.
Each factor take 4 levels and use orthogonal method to arrange test, factors and levels of orthogonal experiment are shown in Table 1.
Results and discussion Orthogonal experiment results Table 2 Orthogonal test scheme and results No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Test scheme A1B1C1 A1B2C2 A1B3C3 A1B4C4 A2B1C2 A2B2C3 A2B3C44 A2B4C1 Transmittance(%) 87.7 83.1 79.5 84.2 83.8 87.4 81.5 85.4 No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Test scheme A3B1C3 A3B2C4 A3B3C1 A3B4C2 A4B1C4 A4B2C1 A4B3C2 A4B4C3 Transmittance(%) 57.8 34.3 67.1 78.0 84.2 65.2 54.3 84.6 In the liquid phase reaction process, the main factors that affect the nucleation and growth rate are the concentration of reactants, the nature and composition of the solution, in addition, the use of dispersants, reaction temperature and reaction time, drying temperature and calcination temperature also have a great impact on particle morphology and size.
Here, we propose transmittance as an indicator to examine the effect of three main factors: concentration of reactants, the molar ratio between reactants and different aging way on the particle size, the results are shown in Table 2.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Rajender Kumar, Vikas Kumar, Sultan Singh
This aspect of generating funds is dependent on two major factors i.e. reduction in product manufacturing cost, and enhancing the product quality to satisfy the customer needs.
The survey reports also analyze the application of these practices and examines the factors that are affects the Lean organization Performance. [3,16,17] In Indian context, some manufacturing industries have misapplied lean tools and techniques during the conversion to a lean organization from non lean.
Therefore, the designers must rely on the newer materials with reduced cost and enhanced properties so-that product becomes more acceptable on quality front and cost front.
Nelder, Critical success factors for lean implementation within SMEs, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 17:4 (2006) 460-471
Cerio, 5S use in manufacturing plants: contextual factors and impact on operating performance, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 27 (2010) 217-230
The survey reports also analyze the application of these practices and examines the factors that are affects the Lean organization Performance. [3,16,17] In Indian context, some manufacturing industries have misapplied lean tools and techniques during the conversion to a lean organization from non lean.
Therefore, the designers must rely on the newer materials with reduced cost and enhanced properties so-that product becomes more acceptable on quality front and cost front.
Nelder, Critical success factors for lean implementation within SMEs, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 17:4 (2006) 460-471
Cerio, 5S use in manufacturing plants: contextual factors and impact on operating performance, International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 27 (2010) 217-230
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Dong Tao Xia, Xiang Kun Liu, Bo Ru Zhou
Based on the load–deflection and load–CMOD curves and the equivalent flexural tensile strength, the effect of fiber volume fraction and hybrid mode upon concrete's mechanical properties and post-peak behavior were investigated.
It has been widely recognized that the post-peak behavior and the gains in toughness are also important factors to evaluate fiber reinforced concrete.
Based on the test results, the effects of the fibers'hybrid mode and content upon hybrid fiber reinforced high performance concert's basic mechanical properties and post-peak behavior was analyzed.
The relationship between the basic mechanical properties and the fiber volume fraction are given in Fig.3. ( fc—compressive strength; f tsp—splitting tensile strength ) It can be found: (1) Fibers’ hybrid mode and volume fraction do not affect the plain concrete's compressive strength heavily.
As the steel fibers’ affect more and more weak, the modified polypropylene fiber begins to work too.
It has been widely recognized that the post-peak behavior and the gains in toughness are also important factors to evaluate fiber reinforced concrete.
Based on the test results, the effects of the fibers'hybrid mode and content upon hybrid fiber reinforced high performance concert's basic mechanical properties and post-peak behavior was analyzed.
The relationship between the basic mechanical properties and the fiber volume fraction are given in Fig.3. ( fc—compressive strength; f tsp—splitting tensile strength ) It can be found: (1) Fibers’ hybrid mode and volume fraction do not affect the plain concrete's compressive strength heavily.
As the steel fibers’ affect more and more weak, the modified polypropylene fiber begins to work too.
Online since: March 2012
Authors: Hamimah Abdul Rahman, Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah, Siti Alwani Binti Ab. Aziz, Shahrin Hisham Amirnordin, Hariati Taib
Thus, the following discussion summarises the factors that would affect EPD on non-conducting substrates.
This may be due to its properties such as chemical inertness, high creep, stress to rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures [6].
It is known that electrolysis is one of the limiting factors in aqueous EPD on conductive substrates i.e. metallic substrates.
Factors influencing EPD on non-conducting substrate Types of substrate.
Apart from that it has properties such as high emissivity, thermal protection, applicability to intricate shapes and textured surfaces [1].
This may be due to its properties such as chemical inertness, high creep, stress to rupture and tensile strength at elevated temperatures [6].
It is known that electrolysis is one of the limiting factors in aqueous EPD on conductive substrates i.e. metallic substrates.
Factors influencing EPD on non-conducting substrate Types of substrate.
Apart from that it has properties such as high emissivity, thermal protection, applicability to intricate shapes and textured surfaces [1].
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Dietmar Eifler, M. Smaga, Frank Hahnenberger, Robert Skorupski
The deformation induced α´-martensite formation depends on several factors.
In Tab. 2 monotonic mechanical properties at AT, hardness as well as MS- and Md30-temperatures, according to Eichelmann and Angel respectively [2], of the investigated austenitic steels in the solution-annealed state are given.
Mechanical properties and parameters to characterize martensitic transformation sf [MPa] sp0.2 [MPa] hardness HV10 MS [°C] Md30 [°C] α´at fracture [FE-%] AISI 304 638 247 208 -171 12 22 AISI 321 602 208 176 -91 43 36 AISI 348 616 257 177 -66 48 50 Total strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests were performed on a servo-hydraulic testing system with a constant total strain amplitude of ea,t = 1 % at a load ratio of Re = -1, a frequency of 0.2 Hz in the temperature range -60 °C to 25 °C.
The details about the influence of morphology of the deformation induced α´-martensite formation under cyclic loading on mechanical properties are described elsewhere [8].
Magnetic measurements and mechanical behaviour, Part II.
In Tab. 2 monotonic mechanical properties at AT, hardness as well as MS- and Md30-temperatures, according to Eichelmann and Angel respectively [2], of the investigated austenitic steels in the solution-annealed state are given.
Mechanical properties and parameters to characterize martensitic transformation sf [MPa] sp0.2 [MPa] hardness HV10 MS [°C] Md30 [°C] α´at fracture [FE-%] AISI 304 638 247 208 -171 12 22 AISI 321 602 208 176 -91 43 36 AISI 348 616 257 177 -66 48 50 Total strain controlled low cycle fatigue tests were performed on a servo-hydraulic testing system with a constant total strain amplitude of ea,t = 1 % at a load ratio of Re = -1, a frequency of 0.2 Hz in the temperature range -60 °C to 25 °C.
The details about the influence of morphology of the deformation induced α´-martensite formation under cyclic loading on mechanical properties are described elsewhere [8].
Magnetic measurements and mechanical behaviour, Part II.
Online since: June 2015
Authors: K. Palanikumar, K. Velavan
Even though the mica is very brittle it has various properties such as chemical, thermal, electrical, Mechanical and physical properties.
Rajmohan et al. [16] produced Al /Sic/mica composite and investigated its mechanical properties.
Feed rate is the important factor which affects the thrust force in both the composites.
· The aluminium metal matrix composites with multiple reinforcement showing improved mechanical and tribological properties
[8] K Palanikumar, R Karthikeyan, Assessment of Factors Influencing Surface roughness on machining ofAl/SiC Particulate composites [J].
Rajmohan et al. [16] produced Al /Sic/mica composite and investigated its mechanical properties.
Feed rate is the important factor which affects the thrust force in both the composites.
· The aluminium metal matrix composites with multiple reinforcement showing improved mechanical and tribological properties
[8] K Palanikumar, R Karthikeyan, Assessment of Factors Influencing Surface roughness on machining ofAl/SiC Particulate composites [J].
Online since: August 2014
Authors: A.R.M. Ridzuan, A.A. Khairulniza, M.A. Fadzil, J. Nurliza
[4], in their study on fly ash-based geopolymers have reported that the type of alkaline activator was the significant factor affecting the mechanical strength of geopolymers.
However, very limited information available on the properties of geopolymer produced using WPSA-based binder.
Table 1 shows the chemical properties of WPSA obtained in MNI using XRF analysis.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of metakaolinite-based geopolymers, Colloids and Surfaces A – Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Influence of pozzolan from various by-product materials on mechanical properties of Development and properties of low-calcium high-strength concrete.
However, very limited information available on the properties of geopolymer produced using WPSA-based binder.
Table 1 shows the chemical properties of WPSA obtained in MNI using XRF analysis.
Synthesis and mechanical properties of metakaolinite-based geopolymers, Colloids and Surfaces A – Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
Influence of pozzolan from various by-product materials on mechanical properties of Development and properties of low-calcium high-strength concrete.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Feng Lin Yan, Guo Yan Yu, Jian Hang Du, Zhen He
Waves are the major external dynamics factors acting on net cage structures.
Hao (2007) supposed the flotation structures of circular net cages to be a 3D ring, and analyze its dynamics properties when exposed to waves.
properties (see Table 2).
Dynamic properties of a flexible net sheet in waves and current- a numerical approach .
A numerical study on dynamic properties of the gravity cage in combined wave-current flow.
Hao (2007) supposed the flotation structures of circular net cages to be a 3D ring, and analyze its dynamics properties when exposed to waves.
properties (see Table 2).
Dynamic properties of a flexible net sheet in waves and current- a numerical approach .
A numerical study on dynamic properties of the gravity cage in combined wave-current flow.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Sergiu Mazuru, Maxim Casian
Elastic properties of the assembly are modeled by the inserted connections with specific characteristics.
During processing there are some disturbing factors whose effects overlap.
We can say that a number of factors may be aleatory (non-uniformity of depth of cut, variations in hardness of the material, errors of instalation) and some are systematic (tool wear, temperature changes, rigidity variation of the system).
Stiffness of the elastic technological system definitely affects the entire manufacturing process.
The purpose of paper was to show not only the quantitative value of the deformation, but also to demonstrate the simplicity of the analysis of various mechanical systems with FEM.
During processing there are some disturbing factors whose effects overlap.
We can say that a number of factors may be aleatory (non-uniformity of depth of cut, variations in hardness of the material, errors of instalation) and some are systematic (tool wear, temperature changes, rigidity variation of the system).
Stiffness of the elastic technological system definitely affects the entire manufacturing process.
The purpose of paper was to show not only the quantitative value of the deformation, but also to demonstrate the simplicity of the analysis of various mechanical systems with FEM.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Maurice Brogly, Ahmad Fahs, Sophie Bistac
It also shows that first the HPMC-additive compatibility seems to be an interesting factor behind the variation of surface properties of HPMC formulated films, and second that formulation is an effective way to tune surface properties of HPMC biopolymer films.
HPMC films must be optimized to achieve the desired properties (in terms of moisture content, barrier properties, mechanical and surface characteristics …).
Determination of nano-adhesion properties of HPMC – PEG films.
In the present case, it is considered that the factors responsible for adhesion are the distance between AFM tip and sample surface, and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of surface.
Determination of nano-friction properties of HPMC-PEG films.
HPMC films must be optimized to achieve the desired properties (in terms of moisture content, barrier properties, mechanical and surface characteristics …).
Determination of nano-adhesion properties of HPMC – PEG films.
In the present case, it is considered that the factors responsible for adhesion are the distance between AFM tip and sample surface, and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of surface.
Determination of nano-friction properties of HPMC-PEG films.