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Influence of Material Properties on Accuracy Response Surfaces in Single Point Incremental Forming Amar Kumar Behera1,a, Jun Gu2,b, Bert Lauwers1,c, Joost R.
In this paper, an attempt is made to capture the effect of material properties on the accuracy response surfaces.
The dependence of material properties on formability [1] and process forces in SPIF [2] has been studied in some detail in the past.
Jeswiet et al. mention that accuracy is influenced by several factors such as material springback, stress propagation induced geometric distortion, over-spinning effects, machine tool errors, process parameters such as tool diameter and pitch size and choice of tool path strategies [3].
Micari, Influence of mechanical properties of the sheet material on formability in single point incremental forming, CIRP Annals 53 (1) (2004) 207-210

For the same kind of stalks, their mechanical properties may vary tremendously depending on a number of factors, including the grade of maturity, rate of water content, grown sites and etc.
In this study, the separation of hemp bast fiber from the xylem was analyzed, especially for the mechanical properties of the entire stalk and its various components, as well as for their correlations.
As the mechanical properties and geometrical sizes of different hemp stalk individuals are significantly different and the water content indeed affects decortication, the average size and average engineering constants of the testing hemp stalks were selected as the geometric parameters and engineering constants used in the simulation analysis.
[4] Huang Hai-dong, Li Ji-bo and Liao Qing-xi; Mechanical properties and parameters of bottom stalk shearing of ramie at harvest time [J]; Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University; 2008, 27(3): 453-455
[5] Liu Qing-ting, Ou Yin-gang, Qin Shang-le and Wang Wanzhang; Progress of the studies on the mechanical properties of crop straws [J]; Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery; 2007, 38 (7):172-176

The recrystallization process has also influenced by many factors, such as the holding time, initial grain size, and metal purity [5].
Generally, the recrystallization process will be followed by grain growth and the changes in mechanical properties and texture [5].
Basori, Effect of Deformation and Annealing Temperature on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cu-32%Zn Brass, J.
Sofyan, Effects of Manganese on the Microstructures, Mechanical Properties and Deformation Characteristics of Cu-29Zn Alloy, Mat.
Wang, Effects of Annealing Temperature and Al Content on Microstructures and Properties of Al-Brass, Procedia Engineering, Vol. 27, 2012, pp. 1823-1828

The paper describes some aspects of a scientific and research project dedicated to mechanical property prediction in plates for pipe production rolled at PJSC MMK 5000 Mill.
Such prediction, however, is challenging due to several factors that include the linear dimensions of the billet as well as the complexity of TMCP and the multitude of its stages.
Given these conditions, the prediction of mechanical properties can be carried out on the basis of layer-by-layer calculation of cooling trajectory and structural state evolution.
Therefore, the thermal state of a billet at the AC unit is of our main interest, regarding development of structure and mechanical properties.
There is scope to carry out further modelling of structure formation kinetics and mechanical property prediction.

Bonding strength of the interface of film-substratum is an important factor and key problem that influence the reliability and usage of film-substratum system.
Otherwise, hard film has been used to protect the parts in hard environment, because of the superior properties of wear resistance, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance [3-4].
The method avoids the directly contact between the measuring instruments and film effectively, without mechanical force and friction, and decreases the effects of non-interface factors.
The SEM images of impact point affected by 900mJ and 1000mJ laser power is expressed in Fig.4.
Effect of residual stresses on mechanical properties and interface adhesion strength of SiN thin films.

This research aims to address these challenges through a systematic design and evaluation approach, leveraging Aluminum 1100 for its advantageous thermal and structural properties.
The mechanical design involves conceptualizing, modeling, and refining mechanical systems.
The second step is choosing the materials of 3D parts to define the material properties [10].
For instance, Sulistyo et al. [13] applied static structural analysis on experimental reactor designs, which showed similar simulation methodologies but involved different stress limits and safety factors.
Katiyar, Effect of mechanical mould vibration on the properties of sand casting aluminium (A-1100) alloy. 

Othman2, b 1Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia 2Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Politeknik Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia aabdullah@polikk.edu.my, bakbar.othman@gmail.com Keywords: Crush force efficiency, Crash box, Energy absorption Abstract.
Results showed that the tube’s energy absorption was affected significantly by different number of layers wrapped on wall aluminum square profile and also that the effect of crushing behaviors and failure modes was discussed.
Introduction Capability of structural material absorbed energy is one of the main factors in their application in vehicle structures.
They also serve other multiple advantages such as well-being properties of strength, durability, weight reduction and hence lower saving economic fuel usage of vehicle [1].
Fig. 3.Quasi-static mean load (kN) versus displacement (mm) of test specimen geometry composite profile The energy absorption parameter in terms of quasi-static absorbed energy decreases as the number of layer decrease, due to the some factors which is the first initial load affect the absorbed energy with less surface contact on initial crush on the head specimen composite square tubes.

The geomertry and physics property are as fllowing: for GMM rod, the size is Φ40×10mm, relative permeability μr=3~9, and resistivity ρ=9.0×10-7Ω·m; for the excitation coil, turns number n=410, line diameter d=2.4mm, fill-factor n=0.95, ρ=1.67×10-10Ω·m, and μr=1; for the housing, ρ=9.0×10-7Ω·m, μr=2500.
As a result, the two factors should be comprehensively considered during the choice of groove depth h.
The relationship between groove depth and eddy current loss The Effect of Groove Number on Eddy Current Loss The influence of groove size of the eddy current loss has been analyzed above, and the groove number is another factor may affect the eddy current loss in GMM rod.
Considering the factors mentioned above, GMM rod with 4 radial grooves is adopted.
Busbridge, Dynamic magneto-mechanical properties of epoxy-bonded terfenol, Sens.

The experimental program involved testing five different percentages of WSF to fortify UHPC, which were produced to illustrate how WSF affected the rheological properties of UHPC.
Finally, waste steel fibers have been added to the mixture to improve its mechanical properties [10].
Silica fume (SF) is one of the key components used to tailor the properties of UHPC, contributing significantly to its exceptional strength, durability, and resistance to various environmental factors.
Physical Properties of Fine Aggregate.
According to many researchers, the increase in compressive strength could be due to a variety of factors.

Electrode properties of ISEM-8.
Factors including the level used in Taguchi.
The analysis evaluates the impact of three key factors: current, on-time, and duty factor, on MRR.
In this case, the relatively high Ra value suggests that the surface is uneven, with imperfections such as peaks, valleys, and debris deposition, which can adversely affect both the mechanical properties and performance of the component.
Conclusions The study identified current as a significant factor affecting both the material removal rate (MRR) and electrode wear ratio (EWR).