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However, tendon damage and defect remain an important factor for causing disability.
(2) whether it is possible to generate tendon tissue in vitro and how mechanical training affects the structure of engineered tendon. (3) whether it is possible to use other cell source to replace tenocytes for tendon engineering.
More importantly, the in vivo engineered tendon exhibited enhanced mechanical property with times.
Among the tendon engineered with various time periods, it seemed that tendons with 8-10 weeks of in vitro culture had the best tissue structure and mechanical property.
In the in vivo study, we also demonstrated that dermal fibroblasts could replace tenocytes to generate tendon graft that had tissue structure and mechanical property similar to that of tenocyte engineered tendon.

A two-dimensional mathematical model by assuming the liquid diffusion to be the sole mechanism of moisture transport, constant thermophysical properties and convective boundary condition at the surface of the solid is presented.
We conclude that solid drying rate is affected by Biot number and area/volume relationships, and which drying process is faster in sharp areas and closed to surface of the solid.
In this context it is important to consider the body shape factor in the development of mathematical models in order to describe the physical phenomenon, more realistic, and raise the confidence level of the proposed model.
A two-dimensional mathematical model considers thermophysical properties constant, boundary condition of the 3rd kind (Robin condition) and liquid diffusion as sole mechanism of moisture transport.
This region is more affected by thermo-hydro-mechanical stresses, thus are more susceptible to the appearance of defects such as cracks and deformations.

It Significantly affects the force and deformation has significant impact on force and deformation of the concrete structure .
These factors will lead to increased stress within the concrete structure and will have an important impact on the early cracks of the concrete structure.In this paper, the improved test method was used to measure early-age concrete creep to minimize the external uncertainties and load variation to  concrete creep.These studies will have important practical significances to the research of early-age mechanical properties of concrete.
The advantage of which can always maintain a constant load on the construction.The disadvantages are more heavy material costed and more space need which could be avoid by using the leverage principle.In this paper, the authors invent a leverage device to measure the early age concrete tensile creep and other mechanical parameters .The study will have an application value to the research of early concrete mechanical properties.
Design theory of lying-tensile creep device The lying-tensile creep device is mainly based on mechanical principles to design.
Conclusion This study shows that the lying-tensile creep device can be used in determining the tensile elastic modulus, tensile creep and other mechanical parameters of concrete.

Presently, the in-situ generation method is widely used, because it can react with the substrate greatly In the laser cladding process, many factors can affect the properties of wear resistant cladding layer.
These factors will affect the macroscopic surface quality (such as pores and crack), thickness and surface hardness distribution of cladding layer [5].
The content, distribution and morphology of reinforcing phases also significantly affect the coating properties.
When the added amount of Si was 20%wt%, the coating had excellent comprehensive mechanical properties and anti-oxidant properties.
Microstructures and mechanical properties of wear-resistant titanium oxide coatings deposited on Ti-6Al-4V alloy using laser cladding, J.

Utilizing general finite element software ANSYS, the finite element computing model of the steel spatial tubular joint is built, which is used to analyze the mechanical properties under dead loads through changing its design parameters.
Specifically, the ultimate bearing capacity under dead loads is affected by setting stiffening ring and changing cross-shaped ribbed plate thickness significantly.
Consequently, the impact on the property is significant and it is hard to grasp the mechanical characteristics.
Therefore, in contemporary time, how to improve the mechanical properties of steel spatial tubular joint by changing its design parameters is an attractive topic for domestic and foreign scholars.
However, the value of b increases slightly when t2 increases to 32mm and 42mm, because cross-shaped ribbed plate thickness is no longer the controlling factor at this moment.

The nanocomposite of nano-hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose (nHA/BC) obtained by depositing in simulated body fluid (SBF), incorporating their excellent mechanical and biological properties, is expected to have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.
The implanted materials are available for bone regeneration which is the initiation and regulation of the remodeling process induced by a continuous interplay between growth factors and cytokines [1].
Osteoblast (OB) cells, appropriate three-dimensional scaffolds and growth factors are three important elements of tissue engineered bone.
The scaffolds act as the matrix within tissues and provide a support for nutrients, cytokines, growth factors and cells [3-5].
The nanocomposite of nHA/BC obtained by depositing in simulated body fluid, incorporating their excellent mechanical and biological properties, is expected to have potential applications in bone tissue engineering.

It is well known that the mechanical property of these surface and subsurface layers could greatly affect the working performance of work-pieces.
For instance, the change of surface hardness has been proved to be a determining factor for the rolling contact fatigue life of bearing manufactured by grinding [3].
In order to study the effect of cutting parameter, depth of cut, feed per tooth, cutting velocity, and the interactions among them on surface integrity, tree-factor factorial design was used.
The factors and levels are shown in Table 1.
These results were in agreement with the clearly noticeable heat affected layer produced under experiment condition.

Design of Static PVDF Micro-force Sensor Electro-mechanical Model of PVDF Sensor’s Physical System.
The inverse model is shown in Eq.5, and the inverse controller can be designed as Eq.6 according to our previous work [6-8], here, R2, R3 and B are all included in the proportional factor K, therefore the design parameters are only related to the R1 and C1, and one can change the factor K as he/she needs in the experiments
The accuracy of force-tracking is usually affected by the variable factors such as input signals, complex contact environment and also the circumstantial noise.
Summary In this paper, based on the inverse-model control method, a static PVDF micro-force sensor has been developed and it possesses good properties such as high linearity, resolution and simple structure.
Hao, Adaptive Inverse Control Based on the Creep Property of IPMC.

Extremely high strength of the ultra-high-strength steels leads to increased load factors on the sheet metal machinery and punching tools.
This experimental study examines how much the convex punch geometry affects on cutting forces when punching ultra-high-strength steels.
The extremely high strength of the processed material leads to increased load factors on the sheet metal machinery and punching tools.
Mechanical properties of steel are listed in Table 1.
Mechanical properties of DQ960 [6].

If we compare these properties with those of a carbon nanotube, the results are astonishing.
Nanomaterials in construction industry is likely to increase because of (1) highly valuable properties imparted at relatively low additive ratios, (2) rapid development of new applications harnessing unique nanoscale properties, and (3) decreasing cost of base nanomaterials as they are produced in larger quantities.
Then assessment which properties effects on choosing this materials then note as main reason and matter of interest.
After analysis, it was found four factors are play important role in this field: § 1.
Intelligence: possess the ability to change their physical properties in a specific.