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Hierarchical Modeling makes the data dimensionality reduction and interpretation much easier by principal component analysis (PCA).
Metabolomics research generates a large number and complex samples data, the chemometric tools were proved to be powerful for metabonomic data analysis.
Hierarchical Modeling was generating to make the data dimensionality reduction, this method was investigated for data processing.
The data set contains 244 variables.
The data of all the groups was imported into the SIMCA-P 12.0.

The developed finite element model has been verified with the experimental data.
Fig. 2(b) shows the effect of the reduction on strip shape, with an increase of reduction, the strip shape varies from middle waves to edge waves.
A Pentium III computer was used for data collection by using Lab Window Software in the experiment.
(a) (a) (b) (b) 0.150 0.200 0.250 0.300 0.350 0.400 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Distribution across width (mm) Thickness (mm) Unlubricated 30% reduction trendline Lubricated 30% reduction trendline Unlubricated 35% reduction trendline Lubricated 35% reduction trendline Unlubricated 45% reduction trendline Lubricated 45% reduction trendline Unlubricated 60% reduction trendline Lubricated 60% reduction trendline Fig. 5 Effect of reduction on strip thickness distribution 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2 0.22 0.24 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 0 0.02 0.04 0.06 Strip width (m) Exit thickness (mm) Calculated Measured Fig. 6 Comparison of calculated strip thickness difference with measured value Conclusion An elasto-plastic FEM model has been developed to simulate asymmetrical rolling of thin strip.
The calculated thickness along the strip width is consistent with the experimental data.

Reduction by silicon If silicon is used as a reducer for barium reduction, the process of reduction progresses proportionally to the amount of reducer up to 0.06 kg (Fig. 3).
The degree of barium reduction amounts to 70%.
However, its reduction degree is 40–50 % only.
Reduction by silicon and aluminum To assess the possibility of combined reduction by silicon and aluminum the case for reduction of 1 kg ВаО and 0.2 kg Si followed by aluminum addition was calculated.
The data of calculation are shown in Figure 7.

Φ11mm Punch Base steel Al layer Interface Al layer Base steel 1mm Load 62.5mm 65mm Al layer Base steel Tensile test Tension shear test Compression shear test ND RD ND RD RD ND Φ13mm Fig.1 Schematic diagram of tensile, tension shear and compression shear specimen The tests were performed using a tensile testing machine (CMT7540) at a constant crosshead speed of 5mm/min, and force and displacement data was recorded to calculate the bond strength of the Al clad steel strips.
(a) Curves from different tests (reduction: 40%); (b) Curves from different reductions Fig.2 Strength-displacement curves under three tests and/or different reduction Discussions Fracture morphology by three methods.After being broken, the fracture morphology of clad materials at different tests with the same reduction of 40% has been shown in Fig.3.
It is noted that residual Al could be found in almost all samples with reduction from 25-40%, which represents a fact that a bonding has been obtained at that reduction.
Fig.4 Bond strength-reduction curves obtained by different tests From the experimental data given in Fig.4, the results show that strength by tensile test is the highest and it is the lowest obtained by tension shear test.
Summary (1) Bond strength significantly increases at reduction less than 40%, but it slightly changes when deformation increases from 40% to 60% in reduction

Namely, the related data of the materials characters, cylinder compression bulging, and how they were associated with friction coefficient was obtained by the finite element method.
A number of testing methods have already been employed in an attempt to obtain quantitative data on the friction coefficient of workpiece/ die interface in metal processing.
Namely, the related data of the materials characters, cylinder compression bulging, and their relations with the friction coefficient was obtained by the finite element method.
PSE= FSE + pK , where FSE is the average squared error of the network for fitting the training data and pK is the complex penalty of the network, shown as the equation: N Q CPMK p p 2 2σ = , where CPM is the complex penalty multiplier, Q is a coefficients in the network, N is the number of training data to be used, and 2 pσ is a prior estimate of the model error variance.
Employing these analyzed data, the predictive model of billet properties and bulging deformation to the friction coefficient was constructed by using the abductive network. 2、Construction of the friction coefficient predicted model of cylindrical compression In this study, one hundred data sets were used as training data for abductive network to construct the predictive model of friction coefficient, as shown in Fig 4.

Effect of Slit Inclusions in Drag Reduction of Flow over Cylinders Rohit Bhattacharya, Abouzar Moshfegh and Ahmad Jabbarzadeh* School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia * Corresponding author: ahmad.jabbarzadeh@sydney.edu.au Keywords: CFD, Lattice-Boltzmann, Drag reduction, Flow over slit cylinder Abstract.
The effect of slit size on drag reduction is studied and discussed in detail in the paper.
That work demonstrated that for a slit/diameter ratio of 0.16 approximately 13% reduction in the drag coefficient can be achieved.
Literature Cd Cd obtained by CFD Cd obtained by LBM 5.67 (Dinesh) [7] (Poiseuille Flow) 5.31 5.52 3.43 (Tuann et al) [8] (Free Flow) 5.31 5.52 The reported data indicate that the values of the drag coefficients obtained from LBM and CFD simulation are very close to prior works results.
Table 3: Drag coefficient and % reduction in comparison to slit free cylinder, calculated from CFD and LBM for various slit ratio and compared.

The reduced T’-PCCO nanopowders were obtained by reduction annealing process at 700°C for 5 h under Ar gas atmosphere.
However, they did not concern the change of oxygen content due to reduction annealing process.
The Cu K-edge and Ce L3-edge XANES data in transmission mode were collected at room temperature.
The oxygen reduction causes a change in the oxidation state value which depends on the optimization of the reduction process.
After the reduction process, the oxidation state value slightly increases, but the value remains about +4.

Based on the data, this paper analyzes the influence of different technical paths and policy options on emission in various developmental scenarios, and proposes specific paths for emission reduction.
Based on the above analysis, this research develops a simulation systems of carbon emission for electric power industry as shown in Fig. 1: Fig.1 Simulation system flow chart of carbon emission in Chongqing electricity industry Based on the real data of Chongqing’s electric industry from 2000 to 2011, this model aims to examine the major factors which influence electricity-related carbon emission in Chongqing from 2000 to 2030.
As the regional total population refers to the regional permanent residential population, and based on the data from 2000 to 2011, the increment of urbanization rate is from the linear fitting relationship between 2000 and 2011, also the increment of GDP from 2000 to 2011 is the historical data.
Reduction of unit coal consumption, increase of off-region supply, bigger share of coal-sourced power, and greater use of clean energy can increase the energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption. 3.
[5] Li,Li., Design model and methods in energy conservation and emission reduction in electric power industry, Beijing,2011: 89

An Investigation of Environmental Reduction Factor for GFRP Bar Used As Concrete Reinforcement in China Jianwei Huang 1767 Hermitage Blvd., Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA jhuang.oc@gmail.com Keywords: Concrete, Durability, GFRP, Glass Fiber, Polymer, Reinforcement, Temperature Abstract: Currently, an environmental reduction factor (ERF) is incorporated in design codes/guidelines of Fiber Reinforced-Polymer (FRP) in reinforced concrete (RC) structures to account for the FRP long-term durability.
Due to the lack of real time durability data, justification of the ERF is still necessitated.
In the lack of real time durability data, accelerated ageing test was adopted to acquire the short-term ageing data, which is utilized to evaluate and predict GFRP long-term performance based on assumption that the Arrhenius time temperature relationship is valid for the whole temperature range considered [e.g. 2,12].
Huang (2011b) investigated the combined effects of 20% sustained load and environmental effects on GFRP durability in moist concrete, which showed a significant reduction in GFRP tensile strength [8].
For example, it would take 0.54 month at 20°C to give the same tensile strength reduction with that in April (1 month) in Beijing (13.1°C).

author Keywords: Non-thermal plasma, Dielectric barrier, NO reduction, Emission controls, Catalyst.
Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) [4] and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) [5], use ammonia (NH3) or urea as a reagent to reduce NOx via Eg. 1 - 3.
Experimental Setup and Methodology DBD-NTP setup The experimental setup is depicted in Fig. 1 which consists of simulated gas system, gas heater chamber, NTP reactor, catalyst reactor, gas analyser, and data acquisition system.
In this case, a selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) reaction is induced using DBD-NTP system.
YU et al., “Cold Plasma-Assisted Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO over B2O3/γ-Al2O3,” Chinese J.