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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Yi Ding, Hong Mei Wang, Yan Min Zheng, Yu Ting He, Hai Yun Wang, Guang Sheng Liu
According to the research for carbon emissions of construction land in the "Research on the carbon emissions reduction effect and regulation of land use planning"[2], the accounting standard for carbon emissions of construction land has been obtained.
A more detailed description figure of developed model is shown in Fig.1: Carbon emissions data Economic dvelopment related data Linear Program model The constraint conditions of objective function Low-carbon regulation schemes determination Markov model The scale of buildable land prediction based on low-carbon limited The actual scale of buildable land The determination of land renovation scale Fig. 1.
Data sources.
The research data included: data of land use change in Guangzhou in 2004-2008, the second land use survey data in Guangzhou in 2009, statistic yearbook data in Guangzhou in 2004-2009, and environment quality report data in Guangzhou in 2004-2009.
Bell: An exploration of the technical feasibility of achieving CO2 emission reductions in excess of 60% within the UK housing stock by the year 2050.Energy Policy.33 (2005) 1643-1659
A more detailed description figure of developed model is shown in Fig.1: Carbon emissions data Economic dvelopment related data Linear Program model The constraint conditions of objective function Low-carbon regulation schemes determination Markov model The scale of buildable land prediction based on low-carbon limited The actual scale of buildable land The determination of land renovation scale Fig. 1.
Data sources.
The research data included: data of land use change in Guangzhou in 2004-2008, the second land use survey data in Guangzhou in 2009, statistic yearbook data in Guangzhou in 2004-2009, and environment quality report data in Guangzhou in 2004-2009.
Bell: An exploration of the technical feasibility of achieving CO2 emission reductions in excess of 60% within the UK housing stock by the year 2050.Energy Policy.33 (2005) 1643-1659
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Srikanth Nerella, M. Ramalingam, A.K. Jeevanantham
The modeled Recliner was analyzed in LS Dyna to obtain the input data for fatigue calculations.
Seat Structure Damage due to fatigue causes reduction in life of the Recliner in general.
Fatigue Calculations Using Stress data obtained from the solver, the elastic and plastic data is extracted using the hardness of material.
The data is given in tabular form as follows.
Seat Structure Damage due to fatigue causes reduction in life of the Recliner in general.
Fatigue Calculations Using Stress data obtained from the solver, the elastic and plastic data is extracted using the hardness of material.
The data is given in tabular form as follows.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Alfons Esderts, Rainer Masendorf, Tim Medhurst
Another source for fatigue data on this type of material
is form the FAT [5] project.
The data of the statically tested materials from Wagener's [5] tests deviates from the test data from the more recent tests.
The cyclic test data differs strongly from the data of previously tested TRIP700.
The data available was created in the same way as the current data.
The FAT [5] data is for three amounts of prestretch, 0%, 10% and 17%.
The data of the statically tested materials from Wagener's [5] tests deviates from the test data from the more recent tests.
The cyclic test data differs strongly from the data of previously tested TRIP700.
The data available was created in the same way as the current data.
The FAT [5] data is for three amounts of prestretch, 0%, 10% and 17%.
Online since: February 2016
Authors: Bedra Mahmoudi, Rachid Chaoui, Yasmine Si Ahmed
This method shows a great potential for the cost-effective reduction of reflectance losses in industrial silicon solar cell manufacturing.
First, during the chemical reaction, the reduction of HNO3 leads to the evolution of NO gas bubbles which negatively impact the homogeneity of the PS layer thickness and porosity over the surface.
The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) was calculated from the spectral response and reflectivity data.
The influence of the PS layer on the electrical properties of the solar cells is illustrated by the illuminated I-V data in Table I.
First, during the chemical reaction, the reduction of HNO3 leads to the evolution of NO gas bubbles which negatively impact the homogeneity of the PS layer thickness and porosity over the surface.
The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) was calculated from the spectral response and reflectivity data.
The influence of the PS layer on the electrical properties of the solar cells is illustrated by the illuminated I-V data in Table I.
Online since: September 2011
Authors: Ji Long Guo, Jing Ya Nan, Bing Hu Sun, Jian Fang Yu
In the final stage of drying, the decrease of hydrogen bonds in water molecules resulting from a plentiful reduction in free water, as well as the increased permeability within the wood caused by the microwave drying makes the relaxation time of free water to rise up.
Therefore, experimental data will be expected to provide for studying the principle of microwave drying of wood and the mechanism of water migration, and then provide a scientific basis for appropriate application of the technology of wood microwave drying.
Table 1 The Center of Samples Sample Time of Microwave Operation [min] Moisture Content [%] Degree [%] T2(1) [ ms] Degree [%] T2(2) [ ms] Number A 0 73.62 49.4 6.8 39.6 67 B 15 54.27 34.9 6.37 30.9 46.6 C 25 32.77 30.9 5.1 12.1 45.9 D 35 18.62 20.3 2.06 3.42 79 E 55 1.8 3.1 3.1 3.28 87 Table 2 The Edge of Samples Sample Time of Microwave Operation [min] Moisture Content [%] Degree [%] T2(1) [ ms] Degree [%] T2(2) [ ms] Number A 0 73.62 52.4 6.9 38.7 65.4 B 15 54.27 36.1 5.81 32.9 48.4 C 25 32.77 31.2 5.09 14.1 45.2 D 35 18.62 30.7 3.7 5.73 56 E 55 1.8 3.1 3.1 3.28 87 Results and discussion Data based on the NMR detection are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
In the final stage of drying, the decrease of hydrogen bonds in water molecules resulting from a plentiful reduction in free water, as well as the increased permeability within the wood caused by the microwave drying makes the relaxation time of free water to rise up.
Therefore, experimental data will be expected to provide for studying the principle of microwave drying of wood and the mechanism of water migration, and then provide a scientific basis for appropriate application of the technology of wood microwave drying.
Table 1 The Center of Samples Sample Time of Microwave Operation [min] Moisture Content [%] Degree [%] T2(1) [ ms] Degree [%] T2(2) [ ms] Number A 0 73.62 49.4 6.8 39.6 67 B 15 54.27 34.9 6.37 30.9 46.6 C 25 32.77 30.9 5.1 12.1 45.9 D 35 18.62 20.3 2.06 3.42 79 E 55 1.8 3.1 3.1 3.28 87 Table 2 The Edge of Samples Sample Time of Microwave Operation [min] Moisture Content [%] Degree [%] T2(1) [ ms] Degree [%] T2(2) [ ms] Number A 0 73.62 52.4 6.9 38.7 65.4 B 15 54.27 36.1 5.81 32.9 48.4 C 25 32.77 31.2 5.09 14.1 45.2 D 35 18.62 30.7 3.7 5.73 56 E 55 1.8 3.1 3.1 3.28 87 Results and discussion Data based on the NMR detection are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
In the final stage of drying, the decrease of hydrogen bonds in water molecules resulting from a plentiful reduction in free water, as well as the increased permeability within the wood caused by the microwave drying makes the relaxation time of free water to rise up.
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Xin Wei
The as-synthesized products of Al2O3-WC2-WC powders were concurrently formed and the reduction of W2C phase was found when added diluents in precursors.
An excellent agreement between model results and experimental data from this study was obtained.
WO3(s) + 2Al(s) = W(s) + Al2O3 (s) (3) W(s) + C(s) = WC(s) (4) 2W(s) + C(s) = W2C(s) (5) W2C(s) + C(s) = 2WC(s) (6) The theoretical calculated of Gibbs energy of reaction from reaction in Eq. 2 to 6 at different temperature was performed using thermodynamics data [16] Figure 3 shows the calculated results of Gibbs energy of reaction versus temperature.
The additional diluents phases of Al2O3 and NaCl to the precursors resulted in the reduction of W and W2C phases in the products.
An excellent agreement between model results and experimental data from this study was obtained.
WO3(s) + 2Al(s) = W(s) + Al2O3 (s) (3) W(s) + C(s) = WC(s) (4) 2W(s) + C(s) = W2C(s) (5) W2C(s) + C(s) = 2WC(s) (6) The theoretical calculated of Gibbs energy of reaction from reaction in Eq. 2 to 6 at different temperature was performed using thermodynamics data [16] Figure 3 shows the calculated results of Gibbs energy of reaction versus temperature.
The additional diluents phases of Al2O3 and NaCl to the precursors resulted in the reduction of W and W2C phases in the products.
Online since: January 2018
Authors: Chang Ming Liu, Jian Sun, Xue Dong Lin
Temperature monitoring shows a reduction of 5~8 degrees than usual.
The test data shows that the Al cylinder meets the design requirements of the power and torque of the engine, and the temperature monitoring shows a reduction of 5~8 degrees than usual.
The test data shows that the aluminum alloy cylinder meets the design requirements of the 600 cc water-cooled engine.
The test data shows that the Al cylinder meets the design requirements of the power and torque of the engine, and the temperature monitoring shows a reduction of 5~8 degrees than usual.
The test data shows that the aluminum alloy cylinder meets the design requirements of the 600 cc water-cooled engine.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Jing Wen, Wen Ying Liu, Chang Xie
The compensation cost of the interruptible load is shown in Eq. 6:
(6)
Where, is the unit load reductions cost of the interruptible load which set in contract; is the load reductions of the interruptible load at period; is the start variables of the interruptible load , which means the interruptible load is called, and means it was not called.
Table 1 Interruptible load data Load(Node) Interruption Capacity /MW Compensation Price /$*MWh Maximum Interruption times Interruption Duration /h 1(7) 4.2 10 2 2 2(19) 2.1 5 2 2 3(21) 3.5 8 2 4 4(30) 5.6 15 2 4 Then, calculate the traditional optimization model and the multi-objective optimization model of dispatching optimization problem, compare the results which include generation costs, losses, and wind power penetration.
Multi-objective optimization scheduling for hydrothermal power systems based on electromagnetism -like mechanism and data envelopment analysis.
Multi-objective unit commitment fuzzy modeling and optimization for energy-saving and emission reduction.
Table 1 Interruptible load data Load(Node) Interruption Capacity /MW Compensation Price /$*MWh Maximum Interruption times Interruption Duration /h 1(7) 4.2 10 2 2 2(19) 2.1 5 2 2 3(21) 3.5 8 2 4 4(30) 5.6 15 2 4 Then, calculate the traditional optimization model and the multi-objective optimization model of dispatching optimization problem, compare the results which include generation costs, losses, and wind power penetration.
Multi-objective optimization scheduling for hydrothermal power systems based on electromagnetism -like mechanism and data envelopment analysis.
Multi-objective unit commitment fuzzy modeling and optimization for energy-saving and emission reduction.
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Gang Yang, Xuan Chao Cai, Li Juan Chao, Shi Yu Lu
This is because since the 11th Five-Year Plan, China began implementation energy-saving emission reduction plan, the speed of the development of environmental protection industry has been speeded up dramatically, and has become the pillar industry which leading the development of the green economy.
The specific data see table 1.
Table 1 Industrial pollution control investment year part of Yangtze River Delta Since 1999 (unit: million RMB) years Shanghai Jiangshu Zhejiang 1999 58714 116959 134494 2001 26458 103524 111284 2003 28000 150000 105000 2005 87500 389500 199500 2007 59269 280053 250363 2009 68357 270554 193574 Data sources: Chinese Statistical Yearbook (2000 ~ 2010). 1.2 financing increased, and capital source diversification.
At the same time, the Yangtze River Delta local governments also set up some special fund to support the energy-saving emission reduction and green environmental protection projects.
In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of the investment of environmental protection enterprises, we can improve the environmental protection industry investment and financing system from the following aspects: (1) Provide preferential loans; (2) Government subsidizes; (3) Tax exemptions and reductions; (4) Actively seek International Finance Corporation, foreign government assistance and concessional loans through Environmental Foundation and World Conservation Bank or other channels. 3.1.3 Taking various financing portfolio model.
The specific data see table 1.
Table 1 Industrial pollution control investment year part of Yangtze River Delta Since 1999 (unit: million RMB) years Shanghai Jiangshu Zhejiang 1999 58714 116959 134494 2001 26458 103524 111284 2003 28000 150000 105000 2005 87500 389500 199500 2007 59269 280053 250363 2009 68357 270554 193574 Data sources: Chinese Statistical Yearbook (2000 ~ 2010). 1.2 financing increased, and capital source diversification.
At the same time, the Yangtze River Delta local governments also set up some special fund to support the energy-saving emission reduction and green environmental protection projects.
In order to mobilize the enthusiasm of the investment of environmental protection enterprises, we can improve the environmental protection industry investment and financing system from the following aspects: (1) Provide preferential loans; (2) Government subsidizes; (3) Tax exemptions and reductions; (4) Actively seek International Finance Corporation, foreign government assistance and concessional loans through Environmental Foundation and World Conservation Bank or other channels. 3.1.3 Taking various financing portfolio model.
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Ying Tong
Dynamic compression tests were carried out at room temperature under strain rates ranging 1000~4000 s-1 using a split-Hopkinson pressure bar with an automatic data acquisition system.
Fig.2 The damage distribution at the last step (height reduction 80%) at strain rates 1000 s-1.
As several series of billet samples had been compressed on heat physical simulation machine under different deformation temperatures and strain rates, the true stress-strain data collected (as shown in Fig.1) resulted the performance of simulations through an integration method using the subroutine in the DEFORM platform.
Thus, the fracture time, that is, fracture strain or fracture height reduction will be identified and determined
Thus, the fracture time, that is, fracture strain or fracture height reduction has be identified and determined.
Fig.2 The damage distribution at the last step (height reduction 80%) at strain rates 1000 s-1.
As several series of billet samples had been compressed on heat physical simulation machine under different deformation temperatures and strain rates, the true stress-strain data collected (as shown in Fig.1) resulted the performance of simulations through an integration method using the subroutine in the DEFORM platform.
Thus, the fracture time, that is, fracture strain or fracture height reduction will be identified and determined
Thus, the fracture time, that is, fracture strain or fracture height reduction has be identified and determined.