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Introduction In many areas of physics and engineering applications, materials are sometimes subjected to torsion in services, for example drive shafts, axles and twisted drills.
Even though torsion test is not as universal as tension test and do not have any standardized testing procedure, the significance lies on particular engineering applications and for the study of plastic flow in materials.
Moreover, fracture surfaces of specimens tested under torsion can be used to determine the characteristics of the materials whether it would fail in a brittle or a ductile manner.
Furthermore, the developed torque instrument is very helpful for studying of response and characteristics of material under torque force, such as determine the maximum shear stress, shear stress at proportional limit, shear modulus and relationships between torque and degree of rotation of the tested materials.
Satira, Suprijadi, International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences (IJMMMAS), Issue 3, Vol. 5, 2011, p 550-573

Tvergaard, V., Effect of strain path change on limits to ductility of anisotropic metal sheets, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 42 (2000) 867-887
Kuroda, Measurement and Analysis of Differential Work Hardening in Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet under Biaxial Tension, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 80-81 (1998) 517-523
Yoon, Effect of anisotropic yield functions on the accuracy of hole expansion simulations, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 211 (2011) 475-481
(in Japanese) [8] ISO 16842:2014 - Metallic materials -- Sheet and strip -- Biaxial tensile testing method using a cruciform test piece [9] M.
Kuczyński, Limit strains in the processes of stretch-forming sheet metal, International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 9 (1967) 609–620

Oohazama, Y.Sakaguchi, Novel network morphology of poly(p-oxybenzoyl), Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 43 (2005) 1624-1634
Chaowei, Fabrication and properties of a lubrication composite coating based on poly(p-hydroxybenzoic acid) (PHBA), Journal of Materials Science. 44 (2009) 227-233
Wang, Properties of POB reinforced PTFE-based friction material for ultrasonic motors, Journal of Polymer Engineering. 37 (2017)
Kim, Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polymer Nanocomposites, Materials. 2 (2009) 1955-1974
Kutz, Handbook of Environmental Degradation of Materials, Elsevier, Cambridge, 2018.

Experimental Study on the Tribological Properties of Water-lubricated Rubber Bearings You-Qiang Wang a and Mei-Shu Wang b Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao, 266033, P.R.China awyq@qtech.edu.cn bwangmeishu123@126.com Keywords: Rubber journal bearing; water lubrication; experimental study; tribological property; friction coefficient.
The outer shell material is 45 steel and the diameter is 90 mm.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China through contract no.50875137, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province Government P.R.China through contract no.Y2007F30 and Taishan Scholar Special Fund of Shandong Province Government.
[5] X.J.Hua, J.X.Wang et al: Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems.

Experimental Study on the Lubrication Behaviors of Seawater-lubricated Thordon Bearings You-Qiang Wang a ,Wen-Li Sun b Qingdao Technological University, Qingdao,266033, P.R.China awyq@qtech.edu.cn, bwenliaimama@sina.com Keywords: Thordon journal bearing; seawater lubrication; experimental study; tribological property; friction coefficient.
The outer shell material is 45 steel and the diameter is 90 mm.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China through contract no.50875137, Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province Government P.R.China through contract no.Y2007F30 and Taishan Scholar Special Fund of Shandong Province Government.
[5]X.J.Hua, J.X.Wang et al: Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems.

For preparing composite materials ship components, VARTM (Vacuum assisted resin transfer molding) forming technology has advantages on high quality and environmental protection compared with Hand Lay-up forming technology and have advantages on low cost compared with RTM (resin transfer molding) forming process.
Gillespie: Journal of composite materials, Vol. 38(2004), p. 1803-1814
Gacougnolle: International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives, Vol. 26(2006), p. 481-489
Shenoi: Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 63(2003), p. 211-223
Jackson: Journal of Reinforced Plastic and Composites, Vol. 17-8(1998), p. 725- 740.

Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) solutions are conventionally used in leaching treatment to prepare silica materials [1].
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) or commonly known as silica is one of the basic materials and the valuable inorganic multipurpose chemical compounds.
“High-purity Amorphous Silica Originated in Rice Husks via Carboxylic Acid Leaching Process”, Journal of Materials Science, 43, 7084-7090
“Nutritional Improvement of Rice Husks”, Animal Feed Science and Technology 151, 299–305
“Rice Husk Ash as an Alternate Source for Active Silica Production”, Materials Letters 57, 818-821

Hence in engineering calculation, model constants are obtained by using of rubber materials data from uniaxial tension, biaxial tension and planar tension.
Mars .International Journal of Fatigue Vol. 28(2006) ,p.521–529
Journal of Applied Physics Vol.11(1940),p.582-592
Boyce．Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids Vol.41(1993)， p.389-412
Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences Vol. 326(1972)，p.565-584

Experimental Materials and Methods.
Iqbal, New Insights on Unique Features and Role of Nanostructured Materials in Cosmetics, Cosmetics, 7 (2020) 24
Vallet-Regí, Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery, Advanced Functional Materials, 30 (2020) 1902634
Margel, Solidification of oil liquids by encapsulation within porous hollow silica microspheres of narrow size distribution for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications, Materials Science and Engineering: C, 97 (2019) 760-767
Daniel-da-Silva, Encapsulation and Enhanced Release of Resveratrol from Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Melanoma Therapy, Materials, 2021

Abstract: Titanium is difficult-to-cut materials due to its poor machinability and thermal conductivity when machining at high cutting speed.
Transaction ASME Journal of Engineering Industry, (1991), 113, 160-168
Analytical stability prediction and design of variable pitch cutter, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, Transaction of the ASME 121 (1999) 173
An analyical design method for milling cutter with non-constant pitch to increase stability, part 1: theory and part 2: application, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 125(2003) 29-38
Journal of Sound and Vibration, (2008), 317(3-5), 664-686