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The increase of ion energy results in growth of defects concentration and reduction of the growing diamond-like condensate stability.
Fig. 3 Influence of the deposition speed of a carbon coating on the microhardness Hµ and the density D of the condensate The experimental research confirm the literature data that the hardness of the DLC coating growths with increase of its density (see Fig. 4).
The diamond-like carbon coatings with Al2O3-TiCmatrices allow significant reduction of the friction coefficient µ from 0.5…0.6 (Fig. 5a) to 0.2…0.25 (Fig. 5b).
(a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. 6 Scratch panoramas of the Al2O3-TiCceramics with the DLC coating under loads of 1…5 N (a), 1…10 N (b), 1…20N (c), 1…40 N(d) The submitted data show that even with the ultimate load (up to 40 N) on indenter, the adhesion bond between the coating and substrate remains strong.
The experimental data showed that during the lathe turning the abrasive wear with craters on the tool’s rake surface is the most typical wear type.

However, since the Industrial Revolution, rapid changes in population size, ecological degradation and globalization have led to a dramatic reduction in plant genetic diversity, which has been described as genetic erosion.
Genetic erosion may occur at three levels of integration: crop, variety and allele, which as reflected in a reduction of allelic evenness and richness appears to be the most useful definition, but has to be viewed in conjunction with events at variety level.
Rather than seeking to identify individual loci significantly associated with a trait, GS uses all marker data as predictors of performance and consequently delivers more accurate predictions.
And from related wild species, species-specific data can be obtained by whole-genome shot-gun sequencing, which can be used to design species specific polymerase chain reaction primers.
This requires knowledge of the genomic organization and function of genes, a solid foundation in statistical approaches to estimate genetic effects, strong background in plant biology, experience with both the laboratory methods of molecular biology/ functional genomics and field-based breeding practices, and the ability to manage large datasets with diverse data types.

X-ray Diffraction Data Collection.
EXAFS and XANES Data Reduction.
Data reduction was performed using the standard programs, EXCALIB and EXBACK [9].
SRS data was summed and converted from a monochromator angle to the equivalent energy scale using EXCALIB; Hasylab data was output directly as energy data.
The results derived from fitting to the EXAFS data are shown in Table 1.

The results indicated that the temperature obviously influenced the Cr (VI) reduction by m-NZVI.
The results are consistent with previous studies on reduction of Cr (VI) by NZVI [16, 20].
The Cr (VI) removal kinetic data were examined using a pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics expression [16].
The XPS results suggest that the reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) is complete in less than 5 h.
This co-precipitate will eliminated Cr (VI) reduction.

Hence, the European Union has developed Landfill Directive, which requires a reduction in the amount of biodegradable waste going to landfills, an increase in recycling, and improved energy recovery[1].
Table 2 lists experimental parameters, including the material weight, ventilation conditions, ventilation temperature, and ventilation time, etc. 1.4 Test Methods The temperature of the waste pile was continuously monitored by a temperature sensor (Pt100) every 10min; data were recorded in a computer.
Therefore, the reduction of gross energy capacity was insignificant compared with total energy capacity.
Conclusions (1) In the process of high water content MSW bio-drying, the water content and mass of MSW decrease constantly, thus waste reduction was achieved.
(3) Bio-drying obtained a great reduction of water content of MSW by degrading fewer amount of organic matter.

Only e2 - porosity (internal) of grains composing the pellet is taken into consideration, because the reaction of dissociation of carbonates proceeds directly in grains, composing the pellet (10), and as a consequence a strength reduction because of formation of weak oxide СаО (MgO) [2].
At high temperatures a process of glass phase formation can be observed (11), which also secures reduction of ultimate strength [2,3]
Optimal control of target processes in the layer taking into account received data and on the basis of the represented mathematical model will make it possible to maximally reduce the number of returns and to provide resource-saving and energy-saving conditions for functioning of firing assemblies.
Kazak Computer-aided simulation of heat- and mass-transfer processes in an ore-reduction electrothermal reactor, Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering, 49(5) (2015) 606-611
Chen, Preparation of prereduced pellets by pyrite cinder containing nonferrous metals with high temperature chloridizing-reduction roasting technology, ISIJ International, 54(10) (2014) 2162-2168

All the data were interfaced with computer using software.
At full load the reduction in emission was observed 15% for biodiesel with BFE while comparing with biodiesel.
The reduction in HC is mainly due to improved combustion of biodiesel blends due to excess oxygen atom in biodiesel.
The reason for NO reduction is due to shorter ignition delay, and reduced temperature of uncontrolled combustion.
But the BFE would give minimum reduction in smoke emission.

Promoting a comprehensive view of energy consumption involves not only its reduction, but also how this can be achieved ecologically and economically, for example by increasing the involvement of recycled materials in construction or materials with minimal environmental footprint [2-4].
The selected criteria are: ü initial investment costs, in CZK, ü payback period, in years, ü reduction of heating and cooling costs, in %, ü total costs of the revitalization life, in CZK, ü environmental impact – CO2, in t, ü standard hours necessary for the revitalization, dimensionless [9].
In this case, the calculated and obtained input data were evaluated using a multi-criteria evaluation of Fuzzy Logic.
It also leads to the reduction in the CO2 greenhouse gas emissions.
Conclusions Sustainable construction is dependent on the reduction of the energy performance of buildings and the related financial costs of operation, as well as on the environmental impact (emissions and waste), which can be achieved by appropriate structural modifications.

Considering a FE model subjected to damage at the jth element, the stiffness matrix [ ]jk of the element will experience a change of [ ]jj kD∆ , where jD∆− is the stiffness reduction factor.
If the linear analytical model were an exact match to the experimental data, the predicted frequency changes given by Eq. 5 would be identical to the measured changes { } [ ]{ }DSC f f ∆ ∆ =
In the subsequent analyses, we only consider the split mode with the lower frequency as it undergoes a greater frequency reduction, and, hence, is more sensitive to damage.
To demonstrate the capability of locating damage by using frequency sensitivities in conjunction with the DLAC approach, the damage was introduced by subjecting a specific element to a homogeneous 25% reduction in the elastic moduli for the shell model.
It is found that the proposed approach gives good predictions of the absolute stiffness reduction with maximum errors less than 8%.

Introduction Whitenization weight functions is a critical part of the Grey Theory aiming at a great number of grey uncertainty prediction problems in the real world, through using little effective data and grey uncertain data and accumulation of sequences to reveal the future trend of the system.
Due to the unconventionality, suddenness, and uncertainty of the natural disaster, it is hard to collect the accurate large sample statistic data, so people usually adopt the method of aggregation of multi-source information to gain some data sequences of small sample having the character of grey uncertainty.
Normally, these data are in a certain scope of interval grey number and there is various possibility of different values for different locations to form different types of whitenization weight functions.
Supposing the statistic data of food supply in the 6 equally spaced time points are showed in Table1.
Concerning how to establish a prediction model of grey isomerism data sequences containing real number, interval grey number and discrete grey number effectively, it still needs a further research.