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Online since: April 2012
Authors: Praneet Opanasopit, Theerasak Rojanarata, Tanasait Ngawhirunpat, Narumon Worachun
They can be classified as oil-in-water (o/w), water-in-oil (w/o) or bicontinuous systems depending on their structure [1].
Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using water titration method at ambient temperature.
The pH was determined using pH meter (Sartorius Professional Meter PP-15).
The pH of microemulsion tended to decrease when the ratio of water/surfactant increased.
When the surfactant mixture (pH 8.9) was diluted with water (pH 6.3), the pH of the microemulsion was gradually decreased depending on the amount of water.
Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed using water titration method at ambient temperature.
The pH was determined using pH meter (Sartorius Professional Meter PP-15).
The pH of microemulsion tended to decrease when the ratio of water/surfactant increased.
When the surfactant mixture (pH 8.9) was diluted with water (pH 6.3), the pH of the microemulsion was gradually decreased depending on the amount of water.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Jie Zhao, Ting Xin Wang, Li Ya Xia, Xiao Qiang He, Xiao Pei Xue
A HPLC chromatographic fingerprint of the ethyl acetate extracts was developed.A suitable chromatographic system was established using a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase and a detection wavelength of 203nm.
Distilled water was prepared with a Millipore-Q water purification system (Human Corporation, Korea).
The mobile phase was the mixture of acetonitrile (A) and water (B) in gradient (Table 1) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. injection volume 1.0μL.
Establishment of HPLC fingerprints and common pattern of 31 samples Chromatographic fingerprints of ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae were generated for 31 samples from two manufactures,and about 10 peaks were found in the chromatogram of each individual sample (Fig.1).A common pattern, also known as a reference standard chromatographic fingerprint,was generated by means of professional software named Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Version 2004A) after analyzing all chromatograms derived from 31 ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae samples(Fig.2) Fig. 1 HPLC fingerprint of the ethyl acetate extracts of 31 samples of ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae Fig.2 HPLC fingerprint of the ethyl acetate extracts from ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae 2.
Distilled water was prepared with a Millipore-Q water purification system (Human Corporation, Korea).
The mobile phase was the mixture of acetonitrile (A) and water (B) in gradient (Table 1) with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. injection volume 1.0μL.
Establishment of HPLC fingerprints and common pattern of 31 samples Chromatographic fingerprints of ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae were generated for 31 samples from two manufactures,and about 10 peaks were found in the chromatogram of each individual sample (Fig.1).A common pattern, also known as a reference standard chromatographic fingerprint,was generated by means of professional software named Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Version 2004A) after analyzing all chromatograms derived from 31 ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae samples(Fig.2) Fig. 1 HPLC fingerprint of the ethyl acetate extracts of 31 samples of ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae Fig.2 HPLC fingerprint of the ethyl acetate extracts from ZheRong Radix pseudostellariae 2.
Online since: August 2018
Authors: Pavla Ryparová, Lukáš Balík
Subsequently a burette is fixed using a flexible connection hose and filled with water up to mark 0.
After 30 minutes the water level in the burette (C) is read with the accuracy ± 0.05 ml.
Slight 1.4 to 2 points The upper complex of strata ETICS creates risky moisture conditions for microorganisms growth, we recommend professional consultation with the aim to remove risky building factors and to determine the count of microorganisms on external surfaces according to the following step.
High over 2 points The upper complex of strata ETICS creates very risky moisture conditions for microorganisms growth, we recommend professional consultation.
In the case of medium risk of occurrence, the water absorption and moisture content should be defined as a further step.
After 30 minutes the water level in the burette (C) is read with the accuracy ± 0.05 ml.
Slight 1.4 to 2 points The upper complex of strata ETICS creates risky moisture conditions for microorganisms growth, we recommend professional consultation with the aim to remove risky building factors and to determine the count of microorganisms on external surfaces according to the following step.
High over 2 points The upper complex of strata ETICS creates very risky moisture conditions for microorganisms growth, we recommend professional consultation.
In the case of medium risk of occurrence, the water absorption and moisture content should be defined as a further step.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Hui Yan, Hua Wu, Ling Feng
Watt-hour meter, water meter, gas meter and other meters from the factory, calibration, installation, every process need to add seal to identify the status of controlled, confirm whether the measurement instruments are calibrated or damaged artificially, and ensure the accuracy and fairness, without causing harm to the state and the user.
Aluminum alloy seal manufacture with professional equipment, professional production process (as shown in fig.5), cavity die extrusion molding.
We both aluminum alloy seal is according to the meter measuring seal, the anti-counterfeiting pry proof characteristics for watt-hour meter, water meter, gas meter and other meters seal requirements.
Water Resources and Power. 2012,30(10): 183~185
Aluminum alloy seal manufacture with professional equipment, professional production process (as shown in fig.5), cavity die extrusion molding.
We both aluminum alloy seal is according to the meter measuring seal, the anti-counterfeiting pry proof characteristics for watt-hour meter, water meter, gas meter and other meters seal requirements.
Water Resources and Power. 2012,30(10): 183~185
Online since: October 2025
Authors: Jakrapong Kaewkhao, Piyachat Meejitpaisan, Siriprapa Kaewjaeng, Ornnattha Ornketphon, Puwadon Morpa
However, the exposer to radiation poses potential risks to both patients and healthcare professionals.
Glass code Glass Chemical composition Bi0 70P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 0Bi2O3 Bi3 67P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 3Bi2O3 Bi6 64P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 6Bi2O3 Bi9 61P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 9Bi2O3 Bi12 58P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 12Bi2O3 Bi15 55P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 15Bi2O3 The density (ρ) was determined using Archimedes', by measuring samples in both air and water.
The measurements were taken with a microbalance, and the density was calculated using appropriate formula. (1) [11] ρglass=WaWa-Wb×ρwater (1) where ρglass is density of glass (g/cm3), Wa is weight in the air (g), Wb is weight in water (g), and ρwater is density of water (1.0000 g/cm3).
Glass code Glass Chemical composition Bi0 70P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 0Bi2O3 Bi3 67P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 3Bi2O3 Bi6 64P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 6Bi2O3 Bi9 61P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 9Bi2O3 Bi12 58P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 12Bi2O3 Bi15 55P2O5: 15NaF: 5ZnF2: 10AlF3: 15Bi2O3 The density (ρ) was determined using Archimedes', by measuring samples in both air and water.
The measurements were taken with a microbalance, and the density was calculated using appropriate formula. (1) [11] ρglass=WaWa-Wb×ρwater (1) where ρglass is density of glass (g/cm3), Wa is weight in the air (g), Wb is weight in water (g), and ρwater is density of water (1.0000 g/cm3).
Online since: April 2014
Authors: Xiao Ming Yuan, Cheng Cheng Li
Because of the destructiveness of liquefaction, professionals, planners and engineers have sought mitigative measures to reduce damage from this unwelcome occurrence.
Saturated sand and saturated silty soilwith the following conditions can be considerednon-liquefaction or without thinking about the affection of liquefaction. 1)The geological time is late quaternary or before, it can be thought ofnon-liquefactionwith seismic intensity of 7and 8. 2)When the clay content of silt - the particle diameteris less than 0.005mm- is 10 with seismic intensity of 7, 13 with seismic intensity of 8, and 16 with seismic intensity of 9, it can be identified asnon-liquefaction. 3)When the overlying formations and the ground water depth of structureswhich are located on shallow buriedfoundationsmeet any of the following criteria,such as Eq. 1 ,Eq. 2and Eq. 3, the affection of liquefactioncan be ignored
(1) (2) (3) is theground water depth, it is suitable to usethe highest average valuein design benchmark period; is the thickness of overburden, it is proper to deduct thesilty and muddy-siltyoverlay; is the embeded depthof foundation, assigning it a value of 2 when it is less than 2; is the characteristic depth of liquefiable soil, it could be fetch its value in accordance with Table1.
Liquefiable soil in the range of 20m should fulfil the following requirement showed in Eq. 4: (4) Table 1.The characteristic depth of liquefiable soil (m) Saturated soil category Intensity of 7 Intensity of 8 Intensity of 9 Silt 6 7 8 Sand 7 8 9 The criticalitynumber of standard penetration in the range of 20m can be calculated according to Eq. 5: (5) is the criticalitynumber of standard penetration test; is the baseline valuesof standard penetration test, takeing values based on Table2; is the depth of standard penetration point for saturated soil; is theground water depth; is the clay content, assigning it a value of 2 when it is less than 2 or it it sand soil; is the adjusting coefficient, it is 0.8 in the first group, 0.95 in the second group, 1.05 in the third group.
Saturated sand and saturated silty soilwith the following conditions can be considerednon-liquefaction or without thinking about the affection of liquefaction. 1)The geological time is late quaternary or before, it can be thought ofnon-liquefactionwith seismic intensity of 7and 8. 2)When the clay content of silt - the particle diameteris less than 0.005mm- is 10 with seismic intensity of 7, 13 with seismic intensity of 8, and 16 with seismic intensity of 9, it can be identified asnon-liquefaction. 3)When the overlying formations and the ground water depth of structureswhich are located on shallow buriedfoundationsmeet any of the following criteria,such as Eq. 1 ,Eq. 2and Eq. 3, the affection of liquefactioncan be ignored
(1) (2) (3) is theground water depth, it is suitable to usethe highest average valuein design benchmark period; is the thickness of overburden, it is proper to deduct thesilty and muddy-siltyoverlay; is the embeded depthof foundation, assigning it a value of 2 when it is less than 2; is the characteristic depth of liquefiable soil, it could be fetch its value in accordance with Table1.
Liquefiable soil in the range of 20m should fulfil the following requirement showed in Eq. 4: (4) Table 1.The characteristic depth of liquefiable soil (m) Saturated soil category Intensity of 7 Intensity of 8 Intensity of 9 Silt 6 7 8 Sand 7 8 9 The criticalitynumber of standard penetration in the range of 20m can be calculated according to Eq. 5: (5) is the criticalitynumber of standard penetration test; is the baseline valuesof standard penetration test, takeing values based on Table2; is the depth of standard penetration point for saturated soil; is theground water depth; is the clay content, assigning it a value of 2 when it is less than 2 or it it sand soil; is the adjusting coefficient, it is 0.8 in the first group, 0.95 in the second group, 1.05 in the third group.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Yu Bin Zhao, Ya Li Li, Jia Cheng Wang, Zhen Zhang
This paper analyzes the characteristics of the super-size flow measurement in the water transportation and industrial projects, and the choice for suitable flow meters.
Furthermore, this paper analyzes the calibration data of water flow, and propose the segment and compensation method for discharging coefficient “C” practically.
Electromagnetic flow meter and the ultrasonic flowmeter is cited (for) the most widely used flow meter for the water industry.
In fact, blast furnace gas and water diversion project to use the classic venturi tube often beyond the scope of the standard requirements, special techniques need to be taken to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.
Figure 1 Flow coefficient C distribution diagram Calibration method for analysis of actual flow of the water flow According to ISO5167 specified in the throttling device (including the Venturi tube) flow measurement formula such as 1.
Furthermore, this paper analyzes the calibration data of water flow, and propose the segment and compensation method for discharging coefficient “C” practically.
Electromagnetic flow meter and the ultrasonic flowmeter is cited (for) the most widely used flow meter for the water industry.
In fact, blast furnace gas and water diversion project to use the classic venturi tube often beyond the scope of the standard requirements, special techniques need to be taken to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.
Figure 1 Flow coefficient C distribution diagram Calibration method for analysis of actual flow of the water flow According to ISO5167 specified in the throttling device (including the Venturi tube) flow measurement formula such as 1.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xue Jie Chen
OVERVIEW
Feng-shui (literally wind and water), Chinese geomancy, emerged gradually over thousands of years.
The Chinese characters for feng-shui, can be directly translated as "wind" and "water", To avoid wind and to have water is the basic premise in feng-shui site selection.
Yet most professional designers have little understanding of the methods of these traditional practitioners of the art.
The whole water network consisting of these streams also protects the city from flooding by releasing storm water.
Thus, water becomes the soul of the city.
The Chinese characters for feng-shui, can be directly translated as "wind" and "water", To avoid wind and to have water is the basic premise in feng-shui site selection.
Yet most professional designers have little understanding of the methods of these traditional practitioners of the art.
The whole water network consisting of these streams also protects the city from flooding by releasing storm water.
Thus, water becomes the soul of the city.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Ari Sandhyavitri
A Regional Water Supply Project (Regional SPAM) is a water supply system dedicated to (i) treating, and (ii) supplying and selling bulk of water to several designated regions.
Hence, the existence of regional SPAM is expected to assist the existing local water companies (PDAMs) in treating water and supplying bulk water to the PDAMs water mains.
Water Treatment Plants Raw water will be extracted from the Rokan River, and it will be pumped to the water treatment plant located approximately 70-100 m from the river.
In the water treatment plan (WTP) facility, the raw water will be purified to become drinking water.
Adequate site investigations may reduce risks associated with ground conditions; recruitment of skilled and professional staff may reduce human error, as will procurement of equipment and materials from accredited suppliers at fixed prices.
Hence, the existence of regional SPAM is expected to assist the existing local water companies (PDAMs) in treating water and supplying bulk water to the PDAMs water mains.
Water Treatment Plants Raw water will be extracted from the Rokan River, and it will be pumped to the water treatment plant located approximately 70-100 m from the river.
In the water treatment plan (WTP) facility, the raw water will be purified to become drinking water.
Adequate site investigations may reduce risks associated with ground conditions; recruitment of skilled and professional staff may reduce human error, as will procurement of equipment and materials from accredited suppliers at fixed prices.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Jaroslav Vojtuš, Stanislav Tóth
Therefore professional information provided to the public concerning their harmful impact not only on construction materials but also on human health, is very necessary.
The survey of the object revealed many places (practically in all open areas of the ground floor) with traces of intense ingress of water through peripheral constructions (mainly the ceiling), some places include biological stains (mildew) and deteriorated coating.
In both cases we can conclude that direct infiltration of rain water into the construction is the primary source of excess humidity.
Conclusion The primary reason for mildew occurrence on the indoor surfaces in the examined rooms is the infiltration of moisture caused by rain water during the reconstruction of the roof.
After stopping the ingress of water, apt handling of surfaces aimed at mildew removal and proper usage of the inner rooms with respect to temperature-humidity mode, further occurrence and spreading of mildew can be prevented.
The survey of the object revealed many places (practically in all open areas of the ground floor) with traces of intense ingress of water through peripheral constructions (mainly the ceiling), some places include biological stains (mildew) and deteriorated coating.
In both cases we can conclude that direct infiltration of rain water into the construction is the primary source of excess humidity.
Conclusion The primary reason for mildew occurrence on the indoor surfaces in the examined rooms is the infiltration of moisture caused by rain water during the reconstruction of the roof.
After stopping the ingress of water, apt handling of surfaces aimed at mildew removal and proper usage of the inner rooms with respect to temperature-humidity mode, further occurrence and spreading of mildew can be prevented.