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In addition, the model can be completed with other external factors, for example the wind or snow action.
The CAD software is used to create the solid model, which contains information about the mass & inertia properties of the parts.
In fact, the optimization is made by reducing the angular field of the revolute axes, and the number of steps, without significantly affecting the incoming solar energy.
Petuya, Design of a solar tracking parallel mechanism with low energy consumption, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229(3) (2015) 566-579
Barbu, Virtual prototyping tools applied in mechanical engineering, Mecatronica 3 (2004) 9-12

The structure can be change by combination of various factors, such as thermal, chemical, mechanical or biological action. [2] The usage of recycled plastics as WPC matrix requires proper manufacturing method considering actual recycled polymer characteristics.
Strength properties were determined for reference (not weathered) samples, samples weathered for 3 and 9 cycles.
Obtained results of strength properties of tested samples are given in following Table 4 and shown on Figures 2 and 3.
Highest values of strength properties were achieved by the samples with wholly regranulate matrix.
Effects of polymeric matrix on accelerated UV weathering properties of woodplastic composites.

To attain weight reductions, components are single complex shapes usually made of titanium alloys and designed with thin webbing and ribbing, while having high structural precision and very specific mechanical properties[2].
However, the isothermal local loading forming process of large-scale complex integral component is a complicated forming process with coupling effects of multi-fields and multi-factors, due to the local loading mode and there exists alternation between loading and unloading, also that among loading zone, unloading zone and transitional region.
The coupled thermal-mechanical tetrahedral element with four nodes is selected to discretize the blank uniformly.
Constant shearing friction model is used to describe friction between the blank and die, frictional factor is 0.3.
The offset force is affected mainly by the structure of compoment, the partition of loading zone and partition position.

Methods of tribo-system health state recognition and wear residual lifetime prediction are proposed based on wear failure mechanism, many uncertain influence factors also being taken into consideration.
Tribo-system state properties should include all parameters that can be inspected directly or indirectly through instruments or facilities during friction or wear.
Tribo-system states include component surface wear state and lubricate media state [4], and are described through extrinsic dominance parameters which are also called state properties.
They should include such parameters as load P, velocity U, temperature T, time t, friction force F, friction factor f, wear rate w, and so on.
There are some excellent methods in traditional statistical technology that can be used to collect, classify and analysis the datum affected by stochastic factors.

This type of alloy is used as a shape memory alloys that belong to a group of functional, smart materials with the unique property of remembering the shape they had before pseudo-plastic deformation.
Change of crystallite size (a) and lattice parameter (b) of Cu as a function of milling time for different time. 3.2 Morphology of powder during mechanical milling The powder particle size is changing with milling time, as a result of the two opposing factors of cold welding and fracturing of powder particles in a high-energy ball mill.
The presence of β'1 stage with the main line corresponding to the plan (0018) and α phase shows that the affected area corresponds to a bi-phase structure consisting of α + β phases.
Effect of mechanical and thermal cycling on shape memory properties of high temperature Cu-Al-Ni single crystals [J].
Mechanical Alloying and Milling.

Based on microstructure and mechanical properties analysis performed according to requirements applicable in the automotive industry, the research found that steel 42CrMo4 is relevant material to be used in serial production for this particular gear wheel.
Gear wheel which is a part of one of the mechanical systems of an automotive vehicle made of sinter Sint-D 32 and alloy structural steel 42CrMo4 for quenching and tempering has been analyzed from structure and functional properties point of view.
It was found during completed microstructure and mechanical properties analysis performed according to requirements applicable in the automotive industry and part’s specific engineering specification that steel 42CrMo4 is relevant material to be used in serial production for this particular gear wheel as a replacement for sinter Sint-D32.
Bałaga, Methods for testing the properties of materials, Częstochowa University of Technology Publishing House, Częstochowa, 2011 [in Polish]
Radek, The estimation of accuracy for the neural network approximation in the case of sintered metal properties, Studies in Computational Intelligence 513 (2014) 125-134

are respectively the axial pressure distribution factors of the concrete and the steel.
Table3 Design value of axial compression factor for steel reinforced high strength concrete columns Concrete strength Volumetric stirrup ratio Anti-seismic level Level I Leve II Level III C60-C70 0.6 0.7 0.8 Conclusions The following conclusions are reached through pilot studies and analysis of relevant data: Axial compression ratio is an important factor affecting the ductility of reinforced concrete columns and steel reinforced concrete columns.
Axial compression ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio are two important parameters affecting the anti-seismic performance of steel reinforced concrete column.
The limit value of axial compression ratio of steel reinforced concrete columns should be determined by comprehensively considering the steel forms, the stirrup ratio, the shear span ratio and other factors.
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Short Columns at T-Shaped Cross-Section of Steel Reinforced Concrete [J] Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40 (1):1-5.

Analyses of microstructure and testes of mechanical properties for cements from the two different mud showed that the cements composed of 25 % of different mud respectively can reach the national standard of 42.5 grade cements.
Because of different disposal processes, the properties of residual slag mud are different from dry disposed steel slag.
Table 2 Properties of steel slag cements Sample Setting time/min Stability Compressive strength /MPa Flexural strength /MPa Initial setting Final setting 3d 7d 28d 3d 7d 28d dlzn 124 216 Qualified 14.4 25.7 48.4 3.3 5.9 8.2 zlzn 110 194 Qualified 16.9 26.5 45.2 4.5 6 8.1 Results and discussion Fig.1 3d, 7d and 28d mechanical parameters of steel slag cements The physical properties of two kinds of slag cement are exhibited in Table 2.
The physical properties of two kinds of slag cement meet all aspects of the relevant requirements of 42.5 grade slag Portland cement.
A The component of material is one of the factors that affect its performance.

In present article, factors restricting the development of membrane distillation-crystallization such as the performance of membrane material and the mass transfer/transfer efficiency were introduced, the process enhancement and sediment control measures of crystallization were reviewed.
In the present article, restraining factors of the development of MDC lie not only in the performance of membrane material needed further improvement but in the mass transfer/transfer efficiency and sediment control measures of effective composition of crystallization needed more enhancement.
Compared with traditional separation process, MDC has these advantages: (1) MD operated under normal pressure has lower requirement of equipment and mechanical property of membrane. (2) Energy consumption is considerably reduced for lower operated temperature than normal boiling point of solution. (3) Hydrophobic microporous membrane preventing pollution from hydrophilic materials well is easier to clean. (4) Nonvolatile matter in the solution can be completely resisted and so forth.
Many cleaning methods can be used for membrane fouling, for instance, liquid recoil, gas recoil, chemical cleaning, mechanical vibrations, low frequency ultrasound etc [9].
In the heat/mass transfer process of MD, temperature polarization directly affects drive stress, while concentration polarization affects the efficiency of MD when feed concentration is closely saturated [19].

Optimization of Measuring Points Based on the Grey System Theory for Spindle of Machining Center Changlong Zhao1, a, Xuesong Guan2,b 1 College of Mechanical Engineering, Changchun University，Changchun 130022, China; 2 College of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China azhao19790204@126.com, b308989007@qq.com, Keywords: Grey system; thermal error; measuring point optimize Abstract.
There is a reference sequence x0 = {x0 (k) | k = 1, 2, ... , m} and a comparative sequence xi = {xi (k) | i = 1, 2, ... , m}, before calculate the grey correlation coefficient, all of the series standardized data will be processed, this plan can facilitate the comparison in the future, and ensure a equivalence between the factors and the properties of sequence, and ensure the dimensionless and normalized.
Application on grey relational model of temperature field In spindle temperature measuring point of optimization process, introduced the grey relational analysis model, this model can analyze the size of the impact of multiple factors on the main behavior, namely thermal error affecting the spindle temperature measuring point of the most important of the measuring point position, with minimal number of measuring point response to the changes of the temperature field.
Through grey correlation analysis model we obtained the three main factors for the thermal error of spindle.
[6] Yang Jianguo, Deng Weiguo, Ren Yongqiang, Li Yuansheng, DouXiaolong, “Grouping Optimization modeling by Selecting of Temperature Variables for the Thermal Error Compensation on Machine Tools,” China Mechanical Engineering , March 2004, 15(6): 478-481