Utilization of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) Waste from Footwear Industry as Partial Replacement of Aggregates for Concrete Roof Tile

Abstract:

Scraps of Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate (EVA) foams from cutting out shoe soles are a waste produced by the footwear industry, and the recycling of these thermosetting materials is quite expensive and requires distinct procedures. Hence, an upcycling route to turn such waste into valuable material, such as utilizing it as a partial aggregate replacement in the production of concrete roof tile, was explored. This paper aims to investigate the effects of EVA on the bulk density, water absorption, thermal properties, water permeability, and transverse breaking strength of the concrete roof tile. The weight percentages of replaced natural aggregates in the concrete roof tile mixture are 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The concrete roof tile with EVA aggregates demonstrated a lighter weight but higher water absorption. Also, its thermal conductivity presents promising results as it lessens the heat transfer compared to conventional concrete roof tiles. Moreover, the incorporation of EVA also positively affects the concrete roof tile's water permeability as it can hold the water longer than those without EVA. Finally, the transverse breaking strength of the concrete roof tiles with EVA contents resulted little or no difference compared to the conventional concrete roof tile.

• Periodical: Key Engineering Materials (Volume 953)
• Pages: 99-104
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-DT0XBa
• Online since: August 2023
• Authors: Marie Fe Y. Lacsado*, Joanna Lourdy Batawan, Harold Apalacio, King Haroun Sultan
• Keywords: Aggregate Replacement, Concrete Roof Tile, Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate, Footwear Industry, Non-Biodegradable Waste

References

[1] M. L. Van Rensburg, S. L. Nkomo and N. M. Mkhize, "Life cycle and End-of-Life management options in the footwear industry: A review," Waste Management & Research, 2020.

DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20908938

[2] M. C. Baptista, M. da Luz Garcia, S. C. Pinho, M. Ascensão Lopes, M. F. Almeida, C. Coelho and C. Fonseca, "Valorization of EVA waste from footwear industry as natural aggregates substitutes in mortar: the effect of granulometry," Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, vol. 23, pp.1445-1455, 2021.

DOI: 10.1007/s10163-021-01222-7

[3] C. Z. Paiva Junior, R. S. Peruchi, F. d. C. Fim, W. d. O. S. Soares and L. B. da Silva, "Performance of ethylene vinyl acetate waste (EVA-w) when incorporated into expanded EVA foam for footwear," Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 317, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128352

[4] I.Y.I. Elgady, "Recycling of EVA Foam Waste as A Constituent of Lightweight Concrete Mixture for Construction Application," SUST Repository, 2018. [Online]. Available: http://repository.sustech.edu/handle/123456789/20656. [Accessed October 2021].

[5] A.M. Farhoud, M. Mansour, R. M. Shoukry, O. E. Bagoury, S. E. Akkad, M. Farag, A. Hamza, E. E. Nahas, A. Hussam and M. N. Abou-Zeid, "Use of EVA Foam in Portland Cement Concrete," Leadership in Sustainable Infrastructure, 2018.

[6] F. Pacheco, M. Krumenauer, D.R. de Medeiros, M.F. Oliveira and B.F. Tutikian, "Development of lightweight concrete subfloor with ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) aggregates waste to reduce impact sound in flooring system," Dyna rev.fac.nac.minas, vol. 84, pp.290-295, 2017.

DOI: 10.15446/dyna.v84n201.61491

[7] L.R. Brancher, M.F. d. O. Nunes, A.M.C. Grisa, D.T. Pagnussat and M. Zeni, "Acoustic Behavior of Subfloor Lightweight Mortars Containing Micronized Poly (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) (EVA)," materials, 2016.

DOI: 10.3390/ma9010051

[8] N. Dulsang, P. Kasemsiri, P. Posi, S. Hiziroglu and P. Chindaprasirt, "Characterization of an environment friendly lightweight concrete containing ethyl vinyl acetate waste," Materials & Design, vol. 96, pp.350-356, 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.02.037

[9] V. Gregorova and S. Uncik, "Characterization of Lightweight Concrete Produced from Plastics Waste - Polystyrene and EVA," Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 861, pp.24-31, 2016.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.24

[10] D.P.R. Abraham, J. Anu, A. Jasheela, B. P.R. and J. Sarma, "Development of Coir-fibre Cement Composite Roofing Tiles," Procedia Technology, vol. 24, pp.169-178, 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.protcy.2016.05.024

[11] P. Dunckey, Designing effective sand and mortar mixes for Micro Concrete Roof Tile (MCR), EcoSur.

[12] G.S. De Silva and M. Mallwattha, "Strength, durability, thermal and run-off properties of fired clay roof tiles incorporated with ceramic sludge," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 179, pp.390-399, 2018.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.05.187

[13] "Testing Application Standard (TAS) No. 112-95 Standard Requirements for Concrete Roof Tiles," in 2020 FBC - Test Protocols for HVHZ, 7th edition, 2020.

[14] X. Li, T.-C. Ling and K. Hung Mo, "Functions and impacts of plastic/rubber wastes as eco-friendly aggregate in concrete – A review," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 240, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117869

[15] A.B. Melo and T.N.M. Mendonça, "Cement blocks with EVA waste for extensive modular green roof: contribution of components in thermal insulation," Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais, vol. 10, pp.92-121, 2017.

DOI: 10.1590/s1983-41952017000100006