Search results

(MTT) [3] is based on the reduction of yellow, water-soluble 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2il)-2,5-difeniltetrazolium bromide (MTT) into dark-blue, water-insoluble formazan.
The reduction is produced by a mithocondrial enzyme (succinat dehidrogenase) the amount of formazan generated is directly proportional to the number of viable cells.
Absorbance values that are lower than the control cells indicate a reduction in the cell activity and viability.
Table 1 Cell proliferation results Time Average optical density Viability (%) 0 0,245 100 1h 0,24 97.8 2h 0,236 96.33 3h 0,214 87.35 24 0,0866 35.4 The data from Table 1 indicate a small decrease in cell activity after 1 hour and after 2 hours, the viability being 97.8 and 96.33 respectively.

The copper-type and the brass-type textures, represented by the (111) pole figures Copper rolled to 96% reduction (a) and brass (with 30% zinc) rolled to 95% reduction (b) - data from Hu et al. [11].
The reduction of Copper (Cu) component is known to be caused by mechanical twinning and responds to the formation of the brass-type texture [13].

Besides the general benefits to the reduction of CO2 emissions by shifting flows from road to rail, the dry port mainly offers seaports a possibility to increase the throughput without physical expansion as well as better services to shippers and transport operators.
The effects are travel-related benefits, time-related benefits, reduced CO2 emissions, reduced NOx emissions, and a reduction in the number of traffic accidents.
These are attributable to a reduction in the number of vehicles used for transporting freight and a greater speed of travel on the roads.
Kim and B.Van Wee in: Assessment of CO2 Emissions for Truck-Only and Rail-Based Intermodal Freight Systems in Europe: Data Needs, Methodology, and Research Framework.

Examples of such studies include improvement of the soundproof performance of windows, doors, and other openings in order to reduce the noise produced from external road traffic [1] and reduction of noise among the units between the upper floors and the lower floors [2].
The objective of this research is to evaluate the sound performance of the drainage system developed to reduce the drain noise, as well as that of the existing supply/drainage system currently installed in apartment complexes, and provide preliminary data for the development of bathroom noise reduction technology.
Acknowledgements This research was supported by a grant from the Korea Institute of Construction Technology for the “ A study on noise reduction solution for adjacency household in apartment house” project.

The final conclusion of their study found that a saddle radius which is 1-2 % larger in comparison of the vessel leads to a 50% reduction in the induced stresses and 5-10% overhanging part of the vessel leads to 25–40 % reduction.
This analysis provides a theoretical basis data support for further optimization of saddle support design.
Ongand G.Lu: Stress reduction factor associated with saddle support with extended topplate, Int.

Comparison of Weight By varying all design parameters such as power transmission, gear thickness, number of teeth on pinion and gear module, SFHM performs well and shows a huge reduction in gear drive volume.
For specified spur drive problem, around 36.2% reduction of gear volume in comparison with the trial design method.
In this work, a gear drive design was taken with two different objectives and results were obtained by SFHM shows considerable reduction in gear drive volume in compared with trail method.
[10] Design Data Book, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, India, 2008.

X-ray Diffraction Data Collection.
EXAFS and XANES Data Reduction.
Data reduction was performed using the standard programs, EXCALIB and EXBACK [9].
SRS data was summed and converted from a monochromator angle to the equivalent energy scale using EXCALIB; Hasylab data was output directly as energy data.
The results derived from fitting to the EXAFS data are shown in Table 1.

Hot compression tests were conducted on Gleeble-1500 thermal simulator for TA15 titanium alloy at temperatures of 750~1050 °C and at strain rate of 0.001 ~ 1 s with a deformation reduction of 60%.
All the results are expected to provide valuable fundamental data for industrial process design [8-9]. 2.
（4） To regress the data in the Fig 2 and 3, the activation energy are derived in Table 1.
Fig.2. vs.ln( a=750℃ b=800℃ c=850℃ d=900℃ e=950℃ f=1000℃ g=1050℃) Fig.3. vs. 1/ (a=e=0.001/s b=f=0.01/s c=g=0.1/s d=h=1/s) Tab.1 The hot deformation activation energy of TA15 under various temperatures and strain rates Temperature/℃ Material phase β / kJ 750~900 α+β 0.031 619.264 950~1050 β 0.1256 522.58 As Z parameters under various deformation conditions can be obtained from the definition equation of Zenner-Hollomon parameter, the data for Z parameter and stress were plotted in Fig. 4.

The reduction in hardness was attributed to retention of lower amounts of chromium carbides in the clad layer at higher laser powers.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data shown in Fig. 3 reveals a gradual drop in the presence of chromium carbides with increasing laser power (drop in the intensity of the prominent chromium carbide peaks is indicated by arrows).
The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) data (Fig. 5b) was used for better phase identification.
(a) Phase map generated by back scattered electron signal and phase identification, (b) elemental map for chromium, collected by EDX detector, (c) Phase map generated by back scattered electron signal, phase identification and EDX data b d c a d c Fig. 6.

However, a more careful analysis of the published data shows that in Czochralski silicon no vacancy trapping occurs at the void formation stage (around 1100 o C).
Judging by Li drift data [8], the radius of the V-region (the position of the V/I boundary) is not changed by nitrogen doping.
From data on the nitrogen-induced shrinking of the A/B-band, it is possible to estimate the initially incorporated concentration of VN1 [14, 15], and the resulting number is about 10% of the total nitrogen concentration, both by FZ and CZ data.
Another piece of data [18], however, clearly shows that a downward shift in Tv - which is an inevitable manifestation of vacancy trapping - does not actually occur.
However a more careful analysis of the published data shows that the reaction of vacancy trapping by N1 does not operate at all, either in CZ or in FZ crystals.