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Result and Discussion The results of water absorbance testing on paper made from EFB before and after applying a calcium carbonate coating show a significant reduction in water absorbance after the coating was applied.
Similar to the results observed with EFB paper, the application of a calcium carbonate coating on commercial cardboard also resulted in a reduction in water absorbance.
The reduction in water absorbance after coating with calcium carbonate is in line with previous studies that have demonstrated the effectiveness of mineral-based coatings in enhancing the water resistance of paper products [4], [6], [7], [8].
Such regions of exposed fibers could act as pathways for water penetration, which may explain why the reduction in water absorbance, while significant, is not as pronounced as expected with higher coating amounts [4].
The exposed fiber areas on the surface, as seen in the SEM images, may contribute to residual water absorbance, which aligns with the water absorbance data presented in Figure 1.

Quality of the product and reduction of production costs are key goals aimed by European industry in order to compete in the market. [8], [9], [12] Companies and universities receive funding that allows them to complete collaborative projects in which the practical knowledge of industry and research capabilities of research centers merge for producing relevant solutions that result in competitiveness increase of Europe.
IFaCOM is a project where companies and universities from five European countries collaborate for finding ZDM solutions that will allow European manufacturing industry produce high quality products with a significant reduction of costs due to rework and scrap of defective products.
Zero Defect Manufacturing Reduction of costs of manufacturing high quality products is in constant search by industry.
Intelligent use of sensors, efficient processing and understanding of collected data, real time control of machines and robotic automation are part of the technological aspects that are used for gaining knowledge of the process, control the status of the operations, prediction of possible process malfunctions and correction of the process before defects in the product occur.
It is also important to divide the difference between fault, damage and defect of material quality parameters and design. [14] • Fault is a structural problem, a change in the system that produces an unacceptable reduction of quality

In this work, Si/Ag composite was prepared by liquid phase reduction method, where sodium borohydride (NaBH4) acting as the reducing agent was utilized.
Results and discussion Firstly, liquid phase reduction method was use to prepare Si/Ag composite.
XRD data demonstrate that the material prepared is composed of Si, Ag, pyrolytic carbon and MWCNTs.
First, Si/Ag composite was prepared by liquid phase reduction method, where sodium borohydride acting as the reducing agent was utilized.
Nanosized silicon-based composite derived by in situ mechanochemical reduction for lithium ion batteries[J].

Cylindrical rods with 5.5 mm in diameter were cold swaged to 24% and 44% reductions (in area), respectively.
In the deformed state, the samples of the PM 1000 alloy show deformation heterogeneities (bands) for both reductions.
These features are valid for both 24% and 44% reductions.
The schematic unit cells included in this figure show the typical rotations across the Σ-3 boundaries. 100 nm 200 nm 10 µµµµm a) b) Fig. 5 - Longitudinal section of PM 1000 annealed at 1200 o C for 10 min after 44% reduction: a) orientation image map showing the general view of the tiny elongated grains in the matrix and the color code referred to the LD; b) mesotexture data of a neighboring region showing Σ-3 boundaries (bold black lines) and low angle boundaries (fine red lines).

Introduction For the successful commercialization of power devices based on wide bandgap compound semiconductors such as GaN and SiC, a continued improvement in material properties and reduction of defects is still needed.
A reduction of emission was observed near the conduction band edge from donor-bound excitons for both the conventionally-annealed and the MRTA-annealed samples.
Furthermore, a reduction in intensity in the broad PL band centered near 2.2 eV, whose tail also contributed to the near band edge luminescence, was observed for the MRTA annealed sample.
While measurement conditions (temperature, laser wavelength, etc.) were very different from those in the LTPL experiment, from this data it appeared that the MRTA anneal either removed these deep defects or changed them into weakly radiative ones.
A carrier lifetime of about 350 ns and a reduction in slow radiative response was observed.

Introduction Nitric oxides (NO and NO2, called NOx) is one of the serious contaminations which need to be removed in diesel engine exhaust gases.[1-4] Because the diesel engine operates under excess oxygen and lower temperature, the conventional three-way catalysts are not effective for NOx reduction.[5-7] The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technique is one of the promising catalytic aftertreatment technologies for chemically reducing the pollutant molecules of NOx to N2, but its reduction rate and stability are limited due to the lower temperature of diesel engine exhaust gases.[7-9] As the further development of SCR technique, the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma combined with SCR was used for NOx removal and the significant NOx removal rate was achieved.[1, 3, 5, 6, 10-14] However, the mechanism of NOx removal by DBD plasma combined with SCR is also not clearly known.
The analytical data were recorded at steady state, usually 20 minutes after changing parameters.
At the same time, due to the role of plasma, C3H6 was partly oxidized to active intermediates such as acetate, [9] which promoted the NOx reduction over catalysts by reacting with NO2, companied with the production of CO2 and CO.

In the case of the three variants of beams (i.e. without web connection, with web connection in the middle, or with web connection in the outermost quarters of the beam span) a gradual reduction in the load-carrying capacity of the specimens can be observed.
The reduction in load capacity is up to approximately 10%.
For variant C, there is even a reduction in deflection, which can be attributed to the increase in stiffness due to the infill at the bonded joint of the web.
It is clear from the obtained data that when the load level reaches approximately 15-30% (approximately 10-20 kN) for the beams without laminate, or when the load level reaches approximately 40-50% (approximately 70-90 kN) for the laminate-coated variant, the deformations start to increase.
This phenomenon is also reflected in a slight reduction in the stiffness of the whole composite beam and an acceleration in the increment of vertical deformations.

The heat treatment was carried out in a tube furnace at 1200 °C in an Ar atmosphere, followed by a reduction in an H2 atmosphere at 780 °C.
It follows that the best electrocatalysts for hydrogen reduction show zero free Gibbs energy ΔGH ~ 0 [9, 10].
According to Tab.1, the stabilized layers were subjected to a thermal treatment technique that included sintering in an Ar atmosphere at 1200 °C and subsequent reduction in an H2 atmosphere at 780 °C.
For electroactivity determination, LSV data in acidic and alkali environments were provided.
Because of the overflow of H2 molecules into carbon fibers, the annealing process in Ar atmosphere and subsequent reduction in H2 atmosphere resulted in the formation of a visible porous structure in the carbon matrix.

In this phase, the temperature of flue reaches800-1150°C and carbon block reaches 700-1100°C. 788 group data are selected as sample from the third phase of baking with the temperature within 785-1150°C in a factory using 54-chamber open type baking furnace.
After pretreatment, there are 788 groups of data used for the modeling and open-loop temperature curve and pulse curve of oil burning is shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7.
Thus the model based on data from actual baking process with the aim of controlling the baking temperature of carbon through GA-NN method can be verified.
Experiment 2: Select 25 groups of data as training sample to compare the different unbiased variance of output value of model and actual process by using GA-NN network and BP-NN network.
CONCLUSIONS By using real time data, a control model based on GA-NN with the aim of improving control precision of baking temperature of carbon anode is established.

Based on this improved method, hardening data of two different tailor welded blanks were determined.
Compared to the models using the property data by the original rule of mixture (hereinafter “the original models”), the models using the property data by the improved rule of mixture (hereinafter “the refined models”) predicted better correlated results with the experimental ones.
The property data of weld metals in TWBs were derived from the uniaxial tension test of subsize specimens via the improved rule of mixture.
It was found that: (1) More accurate results can be predicted based on the models with the refined property data
Wang, Reduction of residual stress in low alloy steel with magnetic treatment in different directions, J.