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The uniformity of heating applied across the entire width and length of the slab or billet is critical in the achievement of customer properties regardless of the chemistry.
Scale formation is a function of the material chemistry, furnace environment, oxygen content in the flue gases, furnace temperature and the heating time required.
This recrystallization phenomena is especially important for plate production, since even modern high-power mills cannot provide at times full multiple recrystallization aimed at refining prior coarse grained austenite structure, typical for high-temperature rolling.

In perovskite structure, B cation plays the role of an active site in gas sensing process.
This XRD pattern confirmed the perovskite structure of synthesized materials.
Weisz: Structure and Reactivity of Perovskite-Type Oxides, in: Advance Catalyst.
Coles: Journal of Material Chemistry Vol 8 (1998), p 1657 [5] M.
Ferri: Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 (2010), p. 4584

Microstructural analysis during the hydration of cement-in-polymer coatings Oliver Weichold1,a, Markus Hojczyk1, Alina Adams2, Alexandra Olaru2, and Helge Stanjek3 1DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V. and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany 2Institute for Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany 3Chair of Clay and Interface Mineralogy, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany aweichold@dwi.rwth-aachen.de Keywords: Reinforced concrete, polymer coating, hydration, nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy.
The resulting structure is a poly(vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol) copolymer, which becomes increasingly soluble with increasing degree of saponification.
After cleavage, both specimen each containing one c/PVA and c/PVAc coated roving show a granular structure between the filaments.
Figure 7: The filament/matrixinterface exhibits a granular structure of partially hydrated clinker in the case of c/PVAcdispersions.
It was shown that superior mechanical performance is achieved in coated rovings if the water ingress is limited giving rise to a mixed C-S-H and partially hydrated clinker structure.

This process is very green and environmentally friendly, but it needs appropriate micropore structure as the premise.
The essence of self-assembly is a physical process, which belongs to the category of supramolecular chemistry based on weak intermolecular interaction (< 100 kJ / mol).
According to the different surface morphology of the substrate, the particles will be arranged into different crystal-like structures.
When the volume and surface area of the liquid are reduced due to evaporation, the microporous structure on the surface can suppress the contraction of the liquid surface, so the nanoparticles can move into the microporous structure on the surface.
Gu, Patterned Photonic Nitrocellulose for Pseudo-Paper Microfluidics, Analytical Chemistry 88(2016) 5424

) § Substrate temperature § Shielding gas flow § Post process treatment (HIP…) Input Materials · Substrate (Chemistry, microstructure, texture
· The contribution of substrate structure on the overall structure property relation
· Mechanical anisotropy along with structures in different regions of the deposit: close to substrate, middle and top of the deposit
· Establish methodologies in view of laser contours and sequences with critical focus on structure property relations.
Geometrical Characteristics and microstructure characterization of wall structures, Optics & laser Engineering 50 (2012), 1779-1784

Also some structure changes in the sintering process were observed resulted to phase changes and decomposition.
It is enabled due to martensitic transformation from tetragonal to monoclinic structure [5].
XRD analysis showed that initial powder has tetragonal structure with small portion of monoclinic zirconia.
Sample sintered at 2000 °C had fully cubic structure.
Garvie, Journal of Physical Chemistry 69 (1965) 1238-1243

From X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) data’s, it is proven that both samples of cellulose have shown cellulose I structure.
A monoclinic structure (Iβ) was dominant in all samples as indicated by stronger peak of FTIR spectra appeared at 710cm-1 and XRD diffractogram.
Kamdem: Cellulose Chemistry and Technology 43(7-8), (2009), p. 229-234
Tan: Journal of Molecular Structure 705, (2004) p.189-193
Chanzy: Journal of Molecular Structure 523, (2000) p. 183-196

Moreover, the HIPIB irradiation of film-base structure has its own features including local energy deposition, very short time, non-linear parameters of material, and composite structure.
Results and discussion The film-substrate structure was composed of hard nitride thin film produced by arc ion plating technique and high speed steel base.
Then the whole structure cools down, the melt surface begins to solidify at 87ns.
Conclusions On considering the features of HIPIB irradiation on film-base structure, a reasonable simplified one-dimension physical model was built.
Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 54 (1998), p. 213-218 [7] A.D.Pogrebnjak: A review of mixing progress in Ta/Fe and Mo/Fe systems treated by high current electron beams.

igure 1 depicts the synthesis and molecular structure of the UV-curable sealant.
The both ends of the molecular structure of the synthesized UV-curable sealant include two C=C bonds which belong to π-electronic structure.
The pure phase structure of the phosphors is characterized by XRD.
Jónsson, in: Theoretical Methods in Condencsed Phase Chemistry, edited by S.D.
Schwartz, volume 5 of Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, chapter, 10, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2000)

The structure of PU non-woven filtering membrane, prepared by the electro-spinning process, is shown as scanning electron microscope (SEM) picture in Fig. 1a).
A detailed view of an individual nanotube structure is presented in Fig. 1b).
The third micrograph, Fig. 1c), proves that MWCNT network is a porous structure created by entangled nanotubes.
The structures were investigated with SEM produced by Vega LMU (Tescan s.r.o., Czech Republic).
Chemistry Vol. 39 (2001) p. 3199