Additive Manufacturing Viewed from Material Science: State of the Art & Fundamentals

Abstract:

Additive Manufacturing (AM), also designated as 3D Printing (3DP), is one of the most visionary and friendly approaches for flexible manufacturing with conservation of energy and material resources. It is a factory in a box that can generate multiple objects. It requires little manpower to bring virtual innovations into the real world. AM for metals can be mechanistically associated with welding. The technique employs a variety of energy sources (laser, electron beam, electric Arc, ...), feed stocks (powder, wire and ribbon) and motion kinematics & control (articulated robot and 3-5 axes CNC machine ). From the materials perspectives, akin to fusion welding in many respects, AM involves a multitude of complex and interacting physical phenomena such as heat transfer, fluid flow, discrete and continuum mechanics, sintering, melting, solidification, solid state transformations, grain growth, diffusion, textures etc. The desired process performance can be achieved by controlling the parameters of energy, feed stock and motion. The effect of successive thermal cycles along with the epitaxial relations between substratum and deposits constitute some of the challenging tasks for developing optimized parts. This paper reviews the state of the art and presents some challenges facing metal product development for service applications.

• Periodical: Materials Science Forum (Volumes 783-786)
• Pages: 2284-2289
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.783-786.2284
• Online since: May 2014
• Authors: J.Y. Hascoet*, K.P. Karunakaran, Surendar Marya
• Keywords: 3D Printing, Additive Manufacturing (AM), Laser Melting, Lens, Rapid Prototyping

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