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Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn are intermetallic compounds, namely compounds formed by Cu and Sn powders which have different crystal structures.
This is supported by the theory put forward by Grathwohl and Warren where the hardness will increase along with the presence of intermetallic compounds and the smaller the grain size [14].
Duh, The Nanoindentation Characteristics of Cu6Sn5, Cu3Sn, and Ni3Sn4 Intermetallic Compounds In The Solder Bump, Journal Electronic Materials. 33 (2004) 1103–1110
Warren, The effect of cobalt content on the microstructure of liquid-phase sintered TaC-Co alloys, Materials Science and Engineering. 14 (1) (1974) 55–65 [15] G.
Wang.: Microstructure and Thermal Conductivity of Cu/diamond Composites with Ti-coated Diamond Particles Produced By Gas Pressure Infiltration, Journal Alloy Compound. 647 (2015) 941–946

Techniques of Tracer Diffusion Measurements in Metals, Alloys and Compounds Daniel Gaertner1,a, Lisa Belkacemi2,b, Vladimir A.
Introduction Diffusion in solids - especially in metals, alloys, compounds - is of particular interest for materials science and solid-state physics as it should be considered in a number of technological applications, e.g., the manufacturing of steels or Ni-based superalloys.
Fe-Ga binary alloys [70]) as well as on more complex so called pseudo-binary couple multi-component alloys [71] (i.e. high-entropy alloys [23]).
Alloys Compd.
Kodentsov and F.J.J. van Loo, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 403 (2005) pp. 147-153

This work aims to deposit Ni-C thin films by dc magnetron sputtering on polyimide substrates for the application as strain sensors in hybrid laminates.
For a few years, metal-carbon systems are being explored and investigated aiming for an utilisation as DMS materials [2].
Journal of Applied Physics 97 (2005) 044313 [12] M.
Bhushan, Optical and mechanical properties of DC sputtered carbon films, Journal of Materials Research, 5 (1990) 2538 [13] S.
Pradhan, Microstructure charac terization of nanocrystalline Ni3C synthesized by high-energy ball milling, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 479 (2009) 193 [17] S.

The paper [8] discusses the properties of CrB2 as an additive for hard alloys.
The paper [12] presents data on synthesizing hard alloys based on WC and Co.
The authors found that using the Cr-layer improves the bonding between diamond particles and the copper matrix by forming chemical compounds at the interface.
The SEM image of chromium diboride (CrB2) powder reveals a structure characterized by irregular and angular particles, which is typical for refractory compounds obtained through mechanical milling or powder synthesis (Fig. 1, d).
The microstructure exhibits characteristic heterogeneity, where large WC particles are combined with finer regions of cobalt or its compounds, reflecting the phase interactions within the material.

In this study, the aim is to produce a Polyetheretherketone/Hydroxyapatite (PEEK/HA) composite which posses balance mechanical properties and good spreading of bioactive ceramic, hydroxyapatite.
Since metal has many disadvantage such as the presence of corrosions, fatigue failure of metal alloys, and release of metal ions such as Nickel or Chromium which may cause loosening of the implant, polymer are widely choose as to replace metal.
The temperature was set up from 350 0C – 390 0C and the constant screw speed of 30 rpm was used during compounding .
J: Journal Biomed Res Volume 47 (1999), p. 54-9
E., and Bonfield, W: Journal of materials science : materials in medicine Volume 7 (1996), p. 191-193

Introduction The passivating treatment is an effective way to enhance the corrosion resistance of zinc and corresponding alloys.
This paper aims to analyze the formation mechanism of rare-earth conversion coating on the zinc coating and test the appearance and phase of the cerium-based conversion coating, thereby exploring the film-forming mechanism of rare-earth conversion coating.
Result and discussion 1.3 Calculation of the maximum pH value obtainable on the interface Due to the inhomogeneity of the metal surface, deficiencies, such as grain boundaries, impurities, sediments, intercrystalline compounds, and natural oxide films were discovered, among others.
In a comparison of the Ce3d spectrograms of the Ce4+ compound and the Ce3+ compound, merely appears in the Ce4+ compound when the binding energy is 916.5eV, and is thus considered as the characteristic peak of Ce4+.
Watkins, et al: Journal of Catalysis.

Bridgewire of a thin resistive wire widely used in electric explosive devices (EED) as a transducer of electronic energy to thermal energy provide the ignition of energetic compounds.
Introduction Avariety of electric explosive devices (EEDs) as a transducer of electronic energy to thermal energy providing ignition of energetic compounds such as pyrotechnics and propellants have a wide range of uses in such areas automotive airbags, mining explosives, rocket motor igniters, and various ordnance systems [1, 2].
The bridgewire was made of a thin resistive wire with Ni-Cr alloy, which was connected between two posts(as shown in Fig.1).
Ku：Journal of applied physics Vol. 104 (2008)，p. 1
Suna：Chinese journal of energetic materials Vol. 16 (2008)，p. 543

Physical Base of the Metallic Gradient Surface Layers of Titanium Alloys Formed under Ion Implantation Irina Kurzina1, 2, а 1 Department of Physical chemistry, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia 2 Department of Nanomaterials & Nanotechnology, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia a Kurzina99@mail.ru Keywords: titanium alloys, ion implantation, gradient surface layer, nanostructutes Abstract.
In nanostructural states, the intermetalliс compounds have a good plasticity already at medium and low temperatures, which makes it possible to improve considerably the mechanical properties of materials [3].
This allows us to use these materials as an alternative to the coarse-grained titanium alloys currently used for medical and technical purposes.
Change of factor of the Hall-Petch (0,7 MPa/m1/2) which is nearer to values, characteristic for high-strength alloys is observed.
Sharkeev et al., Role of Polycrystalline Titanium Grain Size in the Formation of the Concentration Profiles of Implanted Aluminum Ions, Journal of Surface Investigation.

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of bilayer Fe2O3/ZnO as photoanode for photoelectrochemical cell.
Thus, this study aims to investigate the structure of the Fe2O3/ZnO bilayer layer which is used as a photocell PEC cell.
The aim of SEM characterization is to study the surface morphology and microstructure of the Fe2O3 and Fe2O3/ZnO films shown in Fig 2.
Xu, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 753 (2018) 601–606
Soontaranon, Darminto, Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 28 (2018) 2206–2212

The plasma nitriding parameters were set to suppress the compound layer on the pinion surface.
The aim was to verify the achievement of the desired depth of the diffusion layer (required 0.25 – 0.35 mm) and to suppress the formation of the compound layer.
Ren, Geometrical texture and surface integrity in helical milling and ultrasonic vibration helical milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 278 (2020).
Persson, Milling or grinding for manufacturing of an Alloy 718 gas turbine component?
Bacci, Texture of surface layers obtained by ion nitriding of titanium alloys, Materials Chemistry and Physics, 20 (1988) 559-569.