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ST4 exhibits the equiaxed β grain structure.
The grain size of β phase was about 150μm on average.
The grains are stretched greatly and refined [10].
While in the center of ASB, the grains are broken.
The lathy structures were mutually cross-arranged in β grain.

Introduction A number of literature surveys have been reported on the influence of mechanical, electromagnetic and ultrasonic vibration to metals.
The low energy requirement made it the most environmentally-friendly process than any other grain refinement methods.
Initial hydrogen concentration and reduction in porosity and shrinkage concentration in a spot achievement of uniform grains Reduced solidification time and eutectic temperature Al-5Ti-1B Ultrasonic [17- 19] The narrower particle size spreads significantly improve the grain refining performance of the master alloy.
eutectic phases Al–5Mg , Al–4.5Cu Electromagnetic generator at 30 and 150 Hz, 0.05–5.52mm amplitude, 1–120 g peak acceleration [28] Extensive grain refinement especially with high accelerations Experimental Procedure Material.
The effect of vibration to help in the promotion of nucleation and thus reducing as-cat grain size, reducing hydrogen, reducing shrinkage porosities due to improved metal feeding, and producing a more homogenous composites structure [1,2,13].

The high numbers of grains participating during the chip formation are continuously subjected to non-uniform wear and topography changes.
The chip formation with undefined cutting edges is very complex and undergoes various stages.Bond Grinding hub Grain Friction region 1 Deformation area Cutting edge vt Fnc Ftc vt vt Abrasive Ftf Fnf Chip Friction region 2 Figure 1 illustrates this behavior by splitting the whole process into 4 cutting regions, whereas the friction region 1 and 2 are of particular interest.
Table 1: Abrasive specification of the investigated grinding wheel Grain size [mm] Mixing ratio [wt%] Wheel specification Bond [vol%] Grain [vol%] Pores [vol%] B 181 - Ceramic CBN 11 46 43 Temperature monitoring.
Each contact between a single grain and the workpiece generates stress waves which propagate through the workpiece, the grinding tool and the machine structure.

Meanwhile the grain shape includes strip and sheet, which are different from the equiaxial polygonal grains of undoped ZnNb2O6[14, 15].
Hence, the directed diffusion eventually led to grain orientation growth.
With the increasing sintering temperature, the number of B3+ entered into the lattice increased, which strengthened the orientation of grain growth and changed the grain morphology.
The grain boundaries become clearer.
When the sintering temperature increases to 1100℃, the grain boundaries become fuzzy and grains are non-uniform, which suggests that the emergence of excessive liquid phase causes abnormal grain growth under excessively high sintering temperature.

During the vibration of polishing vibrators, the liquid，with mill grains，enters and exits very frequently, which is propitious to bring out the reactant and the old liquid, and let new liquid enter.
The deformation of the polishing pads in ultrasonic vibration process, i.e. the crests and troughs of the wave, makes the mill grains suspend in the liquid or contact with silicon wafer, and the latters, i.e. effective grains, will grind and polish the silicon wafers.
The vibrator woks on B0,n (n is order number) mode without nodal circle.
Additionally, the even number n will make the two phase occupy different electrode area and make the two phases unbalance.
With the other dimensions unchanged, the smaller the tooth radial size is, the lower natural frequency of the vibrator is, and vice versa; the higher the tooth is, in the same order number, the lower the natural frequency of the bending mode is.

A repetitive deposition sequence was designated as (Ss'/Tt')n were s' was the number of minutes used for each previously SiC sub-layer deposition, t' the time in minutes chosen for each Ti3SiC2 sub-layer growth and n the total number of repeated sequences.
The coatings were named (S(s),T(t))n where s was the number of gas pulses chosen for each SiC sub-layer deposition and t was the number of TiCl4/H2 pulses used for Ti3SiC2 deposition.
The Ti3SiC2 coatings are characterized by plate-like microstructure with grains oriented perpendicular to the substrate surface, which evidences a preferential orientated growth of the ternary grains.
This feature reveals that the preferential orientation of the Ti3SiC2 crystal grains is lowered compared with the previous case.
Furthermore, the use of pressure-pulsed CVD methods allows the growth of Ti3SiC2 films without preferential grain orientation.

The study of sedimentary characteristics of the fan delta of Yingcheng formation in Lishu fault depression Yanling Ma1,2,a,Laixing Cai2,b,Yingchang Cao3,c,Ang Li2,d, Shuang Liu3,e 1Daqing Oilfield Limited Company Exploration Department, Daqing, China 2College of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China 3China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China a421684839@qq.com, bqingxin717717@126.com, ccyc8391680@163.com, dlyonsxiao8o@163.com,e249517140@qq.com Keywords: Fan delta, sedimentary characters, Yingcheng formation, Lishu fault depression Abstract.On the base of drilling cores, summarizing some sedimentary facies marks, such as grain size characteristics, sedimentary structures, log curve, etc, it is analyzed the sedimentary characters of fan delta of Yingcheng formation in Lishu fault depression according to drilling well sedimentary analysis.
It covers about 1700km2.In this region, we have discovered Pijia gas field, Gujiazi-houwujiahu gas field and Xinli gas field, Taipingzhuang oil field and a number of oil and gas bearing structures such as Shuanglong, Wangjia, Xiaochengzi.
Probability cumulative grain size curves is distinguished by 1 segment, 2 segments and 3 segments.
Grain sequence feature appears reverse grading and composite grain sequence; Probability cumulative grain size curve is mainly 2 segments with high slope; Yarn lines cross bedding, bioturbation and biological drilling can often be found(fig.1G, H);Well logging curves commonly present infundibulate type or finger shape.

Surface roughness of sand casting process is related to the grain size of the moulding material, which explains the preference for fine grained sands [8].
The best result of roughness at testing number 2 with roughness number was 31.30 µm.
Table 4 shows the highest number of roughness for casted LM6 using EFB fibre sand mould is achieved by number testing 1 and testing number 2 with roughness number were 50.09 µm and 50.16 µm, respectively.
It is found that, the number of EFB fibre was concentrated in the area of testing number 1 and testing number 2.
The best result of roughness with the smooth surface at testing number 4 and testing number 5 with roughness number was 10.57 µm and 10.19 µm.

Despite there have large number of agriculture-related Web sites, but the information resources scattered, and lack of sharing mechanisms; Agriculture information has a strong regional, timeliness, affected the effective dissemination and use of information.
HowNet has sememe number more than 1600.
In the HowNet, each concept represented by a record, as shown in the following Table 1: Table 1 NO.=017144 Concept Numbers W_C= hit Chinese words G_C=V Lexical category E_C=~tennis,~ swing,~ Tai Ji Example W_E=play English words G_E=V Lexical category E_E=~ tennis, ~cards,~ swing ,~Tai Ji Example DEF=exercise,sport DEF is the definition of the concept, that is a semantic expression DEF is the core of HowNet.
The experimental results are as follows: Table 2 Word 1 Word 2 Word 1 semantics Word 2 semantics Similarity degree Crops grain Wheat Crop, generic Crop 0.600 Crops grain Rice Crop, generic Crop 0.600 Crops grain Corn Crop, generic Crop, part, embryo 0.600 Crops grain Soybean Crop, generic Vegetable, part, embryo, eat 0.267 Crops grain Cereal Crop, generic Material, food, crop 0.126 Crops grain Fruits Crop, generic Fruit 0.267 Crops grain Green stuff Crop, generic Vegetable 0.267 Table 3 Word 1 Word 2 Word 1 semantics Word 2 semantics Similarity degree Fruits Apple Fruit Fruit 1.000 Fruits Pear Fruit Fruit 1.000 Fruits Watermelon Fruit Fruit 1.000 Fruits Amphisarca Fruit Fruit 1.000 Fruits Green stuff Fruit Vegetable 0.444 Fruits flower Fruit Flower Grass 0.444 Through the experimental results Table 2 and Table 3, you will find out that if the two words have the same or similar sememe, the similarity degree of them is high, even it may be reached for 1, such as fruit and apple

The cladding is manufactured by welding, the technology (mode of application, number of layers) is different by each manufacturer.
In a number of European countries, the acceptance of nuclear facilities in the society is continuously decreasing, therefore the experts have to make available such guarantees based on the results of scientific research, which provide sufficient proof, that the RPV can keep its original function in all operational states of the power plant even during the extended operation time.
The size of a typical crack ranges from some austenite grain size to 10 mm length, and to some 4 mm depth.
The age hardening inside the grains concentrate the stress in the grain boundary layers, which already have a reduced deformation capability.
By using fine-grained materials, a decrease of the heat affected zone can be achieved.