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Cq will be read from a data file or from an expression as a function of the valve lift given at the ports.
Get the data from performance map provided by the manufacturer which usually does not cover the whole operating range of the compressor and the turbine, so preprocessing functions are integrated in the AMESim model to extend the range of the map to a wider operating range.
The reduction the work sets of the propulsion system will lead to the decrease of the overall propulsion power as well as the decline of the maximum speed of the ship.
The reduction the work sets of the propulsion system will lead to limitation of engine's maximum speed as well as the maximum speed of the ship because of the same reason in Conclusion1.

Combined with the data of geological structure and drilling reflection, no regional active fault or structural fracture zone have been found in this area.
According to the regional geological data and field reconnaissance, harmful geological structures as faults and fracture zones were not found at this region.
Both improper excavating construction of the roadbed and the rainfall infiltration of surface water lead to an increase in soil weight, ponding in sliding surface, softening sliding zone, shear strength reduction, destruction of slope’s natural stability and stress conditions, and finally lead to the original formation of the landslide.
Based on the analysis of landslide, the reason of landslide occurring is improper construction of subgrade excavation, coupled with the infiltration of surface water caused reduction of the landslide shear strength, and then the landslide occurred.

Other health benefits include reductions in postmenopausal symptoms and risk of osteoporosis in women.
These latter factors have been suggested to be the main mechanism causing the reduction in polyphenol content [3].
Data analysis : Data were expressed as the means ± standard deviation (SD) of the mean.

Autonomy in Defect Reduction.
Another study identified that companies that implemented an environmental management system based on the PDCA cycle achieved a 25% reduction in CO2 emissions, a 30% reduction in waste generated and a 50% improvement in water management.
Reduction of Rework.
Reduction of Machinery Failures.
The analysis covers data from August 2020 to August 2021, in which it was identified or detected that the level of defects in finished products exceeded 5% of deteriorated products.

All experiments showed three-body abrasive wear and a reduction of one order of magnitude in wear coefficient for two coated samples: 2,58∙10-12 m³(Nm)-1 to substrate, 5,4∙10-13 m³(Nm)-1 to Ti+TiN film and 7,22∙10-13 m³(Nm)-1 to Ti+TiN+ZrN film.
From Eq (2) is possible to establish wear coefficient values, both coating and substrate, by linear adjustment of data.
For wear volume calculation, aiming reduction on edge effect, internal diameter values of wear crater has been used.
With the load increase, hardness values present reduction and become similar to substrate hardness, probable because the indenter cracks the coating for higher load.
Hutchings, Methods of data analysis for the micro-scale test on coated systems.

The average diameter of Au nanoparticles was estimated through the Scherrer formula according to XRD experimental data.
In addition, the deposition process are shown in the following redox equation: Oxidation reaction: Si＋2H2O→SiO2+4H++4e- Reduction reaction: Au3+＋3e-→Au It could be seen from the above equation, nano-Si acted as a reducing agent during preparing Au/Si-NPA sample.
And the previous component analysis showed that degree of oxidation for aged substrate was greater than that of fresh substrate [21].It indicated reduction capacity of fresh substrate was stronger than that of aged substrate.
Meanwhile, as the increase of deposition time and Au nanoparticles deposition quantity, Au nanoparticles gradually filled the gap between silicon columns, resulting in reduction of the number of reflected light, therefore, reduction of the absorption to the reflected light.

Based on the above data, it can be seen that our energy is limited and the utilization rate is low, so energy conservation is a must.
Predictive Analyses of Solar Air Conditioning Environmental Protection .People demand reduction of the greenhouse effect, i.e., reduction of such gas emissions as CFC, CO2, etc. that can cause elevated atmospheric temperatures (CO2 is typically emitted during coal burning).
Reduction of CFC emissions means reduction of greenhouse gases and protection of the ozone layer.

For theoretical studies of possible chemical reactions occurring above the melting point, the technique described in [15] was used, as well as the reference thermodynamic data given on the website [16].
Results and Discussion It is known from [17] that carbon dioxide in the arc area, at a temperature of 1800 oK, thermally dissociates into oxygen and carbon monoxide - CO (see reaction 1), and with increase of temperature its content increases: СО2 → СО + О2 (1) On the other hand, dissociation of the CO itself is possible according to reaction 2: 2СО → 2С + О2 (2) The carbon released during this reaction may be dissolved in the drops of the liquid metal, but, most likely; it will enter into chemical reactions of oxygen oxidation or reduction of existing oxides [18].
As it shown in Fig. 3, when using a CO reducing atmosphere to protect the metal being welded, the oxidation of microalloying elements is unlikely, since the formation of oxides will be impeded by active reduction reactions by carbon, what is confirmed by chemical analysis.
Change in isobaric-isothermal potential during the reduction of V and Nb oxides, depending on temperature.
Golubev, Oxidation-reduction potential of controlled atmospheres for welding of steels with special alloying systems, Polzunovskiy vestnik. 3 (2018) 134-138

It is possible to achieve good superplasticity under the above-mentioned conditions by making an additional reduction in the grain size of the material [1] with a thermomechanical treatment, involving large reductions during the cold rolling [4], by adding small amounts of some transition elements to the base Al-Mg-Mn alloy [4,5,6,7,8] or by forming processes such as ECAP, FSP and others [1,9-14].
The minor Sc or Sc+Zr additions to a commercial, slightly modified alloy subjected to a large rolling reductions [4], the ECAP process [6,7,10,24,26] or friction stir processing [14] exhibit excellent superplastic properties with a tensile ductility in the range 1000-2300% at high strain rates in the vicinity of 1x10-2s-1, when testing at temperatures lower than 400˚C.
The plates of alloys A and B were further processed in the same way by annealing for two hours at 475˚C, and cold rolled with a reduction of 80% to a final 1.9 mm thick sheet.
The m-value was changed at all strains with the strain rate, and the data demonstrate the bell-shaped curvature for the alloy A with a maximum m-value of 0.68.

For each test condition, two specimens were prepared, and the data discussed in the following are the average of the two specimens.
It can be observed that the stress rupture lifetime and stress rupture ductility arrived at the peak value when B content was 0.015%, i.e. lifetime of 142 h, the ductility of 7.2% and the area reduction of 16.4%.
When B content was 0.005%, the stress rupture lifetime was about 5 h, the ductility and the area reduction were 3.8% and 1.4% respectively, which were the lowest among the three boron content alloys.
The stress rupture lifetime, the ductility and the area reduction of the alloy with 0.03% B were 85 h, 5.7% and 3.9%, respectively, which were in the middle.
Fig. 3 Effect of B on the transverse stress rupture properties (lifetime ,τ, ductility,δ, and area reduction,Ψ) of the present superalloy under 870°C/380MPa condition. 0.5mm a b c 0.5mm 0.5mm 200mm 100mm 200mm d e f transgranular intergranular SEM images for the specimens tested under the condition of 870°C /380MPa are shown in Fig. 4.