Wear Resistance of Ti-40Zr Alloy with TiN and ZrN Multilayer Coatings

Abstract:

Production and processing of titanium alloys are expensive and its alloys show low wear resistance. Substrates of Ti-40Zr, used for orthopedic implants, were obtained from the elemental mixture of hydrogenated powders, followed by a sequence of cold uniaxial and isostatic pressing and vacuum sintering. Aiming wear resistance increase, samples were coated by physical vapor deposition using electron beam technique (EB-PVD). Multilayer coatings with three different configurations were undertaken: Ti/TiN, Ti/TiN/ZrN and Ti/TiN/ZrN/TiN. Micro-abrasive wear tests were conducted by ball-cratering, with abrasive slurry of silicon carbide (SiC). The wear craters were measured at intervals corresponding to increments in the sliding distance of approximately 14 m. Range of the normal force were between 0.35 and 0,45 N. Scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the wear crater and the wear mode. All experiments showed three-body abrasive wear and a reduction of one order of magnitude in wear coefficient for two coated samples: 2,58∙10^-12 m³(Nm)^-1 to substrate, 5,4∙10^-13 m³(Nm)^-1 to Ti+TiN film and 7,22∙10^-13 m³(Nm)^-1 to Ti+TiN+ZrN film. In the Ti+TiN+ZrN+TiN experiment the wear coefficient of film is nearer to the substrate, 7,58∙10^-13 m³(Nm)^-1. The multi-layers containing ZrN presented wear coefficient higher than Ti/TiN films, possibly due to existing residual stresses.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 936)
• Pages: 1056-1065
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.936.1056
• Online since: June 2014
• Authors: Felipe C. Dias, Cosme Roberto Moreira Silva*, Palloma Vieira Muterlle, Vinicius A.R. Henriques, José A. Araújo
• Keywords: Pvd Thin Films, TiN, Wear, ZrN

References

[1] MarketandMarkets. Global Biomaterials Market worth US$58. 1 Billion by 2014. Disponível em <http: /www. marketsandmarkets. com/PressReleases/global-biomaterials-market-worth-US58. 1-Billion-by-2014. asp>. Acessed on feb. (2012).

DOI: 10.1117/2.4201410.08

[2] BRASIL. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Em 2010, esperança de vida ao nascer era de 73, 48 anos. Disponível em <http: /www. ibge. gov. br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza. php?id_noticia=2032&id_pagina=1&titulo=Em-2010, -esperanca-de-vida-ao-nascer-era-de-73, 48-anos>.

DOI: 10.52041/srap.15308

[3] BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutura de Transportes (DNIT). Estatística de acidentes em estradas federais: Número de condutores envolvidos por sexo e idade do condutor ano de 2011. Disponível em: <http: /www. dnit. gov. br/rodovias/operacoes-rodoviarias/estatisticas-de-acidentes/quadro-0302-numero-de-condutores-envolvidos-por-sexo-e-idade-do-condutor-ano-de-2011. pdf>.

DOI: 10.54507/viaviva.2017.17

[4] ABIMO. Dados econômicos. Disponível em <http: /www. abimo. org. br/modules/content/content. php?page=dados-economicos>. Acessed on feb. (2012).

[5] M. Niinomi, Mechanical biocompatibilities of titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 19(18), (2008). p.1621 – 1639.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2007.07.001

[6] M. Geetha, A. K. Singh, R.A. sokamani, A. K. Gogia, Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants – A review. Progress im materials science, 54, (2009). pp.397-425.

DOI: 10.1016/j.pmatsci.2008.06.004

[7] A. Zhecheva, W. Sha, S. Malinov, A. Long, Enhacing the microstructure and properties of titanium alloys through nitriding and other surface engineering methods. Surface & Coatings Technology, 200, (2005), p.2192 – 2207.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.115

[8] C. J. Tavares et al., Mechanical characterization of TiN/ZrN multi-layered coatings. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 92-93, (1999), p.177 – 183.

DOI: 10.1016/s0924-0136(99)00126-0

[9] Y. Tamura et al., Mechanical properties of surface nitrided titanium for abrasion resistant implant materials. Materials Transactions, vol 43 (12), (2002), p.3043 – 3051.

DOI: 10.2320/matertrans.43.3043

[10] D. K. Boampong, The wear behaviour of ion implanted biomaterials. 2003. 276 p. Tese, Durham University. Reino Unido.

[11] K.L. Rutherford, I.M. Hutchings, A micro-abrasive wear test, with particular application to coated systems. Surface & Coatings Technology, 79, (1996), p.231 – 239.

DOI: 10.1016/0257-8972(95)02461-1

[12] Y. Kusano, K. Van Acker, I.M. Hutchings, Methods of data analysis for the micro-scale test on coated systems. Surface & Coating Technology, 183, (2004), pp.312-327.

DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.10.010

[13] R. I. Trezona, D. N. Allsopp, I. M. Hutchings, Transitions between two-body and three-body abrasive wear: influence of test conditions in microscale abrasive wear test. Wear, 225 – 229, (1999), p.205 – 214.

DOI: 10.1016/s0043-1648(98)00358-5

[14] E. T. Galvani, Obtenção de revestimentos de nitreto de titânio por meio de deposição física de vapores em ligas de titânio obtidas por metalurgia do pó. 2011. 218p. Tese, Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica. Brasil.

DOI: 10.11606/t.85.2013.tde-26032014-081829

[15] L.M. Gammon, et al. Metallography and microstructures of Titanium and its alloys, Metallography and Microstructures, Vol 9, ASM Handbook, ASM International, 2004, p.899–917.

DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003779

[16] M.G. Gee et al., Progress towards standardization of ball cratering. Wear, 255, (2003), pp.1-13.

[17] W.F. Ho, et al. Structure, mechanical properties and grindability of dental Ti-Zr alloys. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 19, (2008), p.3179 – 3186.

DOI: 10.1007/s10856-008-3454-x

[18] http: /www. infomet. com. br/metais-e-ligas-conteudos. php?cod_tema=10&cod_secao=14&cod_assunto=93, acessed on 06/10/(2013).

[19] R. B. Boyer, Titanium and titanium alloys: metallographic techniques and microstructure. Metallography and Microstructures, Vol 9, ASM Handbook, ASM International, (1992), p.968–975.

[20] I. Wadsworth, D. B Lewis, G. Williams, Structural studies of TiN/ZrN multilayer coating deposited by physical vapour deposition. Journal of Materials Science, 31, (1996), p.5907 – 5914.

DOI: 10.1007/bf01152140

[21] O. B. Soroka, S. A. Klymenko, Evaluation of residual stress in PVD coating. Part 2. Strength of Materials, 42 (4), (2010), p.450 – 458.

DOI: 10.1007/s11223-010-9236-y

[22] J.A. Ortega-Saenz et al., Comparison of wear processes of biomaterials used in hip joint implants. Scientific Problems of Machine Operation and Maintenance, 4 (156), (2008), p.15 – 26.