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After determining the temperature fields, it is necessary to reduce the rigidity characteristics of materials and perform a calculation of strength.
Beams and frames were modelled in such a way that non-linearity of materials, especially fracturing, was taken into account.
Kovalevska, Experimental and computer researches of ferroconcrete floor slabs at high-temperature influences, in Materials Science Forum. 968 (2019) 361-367
[4] Y Otrosh, O Semkiv, E Rybka and A Kovalov, About need of calculations for the steelframework building in temperature influences conditions, Materials Science and Engineering. 708 (2019) 012065
Safronov, Methodology for assessment of the fire-resistant quality of reinforced-concrete floors protected by fire-retardant coatings, Materials Science and Engineering. 708 (2019) 012058

From many material groups difficult-to-cut materials such as HRSA alloys [7,8,9,10], titanium alloys or stainless steel [1] can be distinguished.
Horvath, On a novel tool life relation for precision cutting tools, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering - Transactions of the Asme 127, 2 (2005) 328-332
Beňo, Effect of the Working Diameter to the Surface Quality in Free-form Surface Milling, Key Engineering Materials 581 (2014) 372-377
Hieu, Influence of tool edge preparation on performance of ceramic tool inserts when hard turning, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213,11 (2013) 1978-1988
Key Engineering Materials 496 (2011) 205-210

References [1] Hertzberg R.V., Construction materials deformation and fracture mechanics.
Journal of Testing and Evaluation.
[4] American Society for Testing and Materials.
Standard Test Method for Plain-Strain (Chevron-Notch) Fracture Toughness of Metallic Materials (ASTM E 1304-97).
[6] Ashby M., Jones D., Construction materials.

Welding process and equipment The amorphous ribbons were welded using the equipment of the Institute of Materials Science, Joining and Forming in Graz, Austria: Chamber machine EBG 45-150 K14 produced by German manufacturer Pro Beam [11].
Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 150, Issue 2, 29 February 1992, Pages 237-247; [3] Heping Liu, Wenzhi Chen, Shengtao Qiu, Guodong Liu, (2009), Numerical Simulation of Initial Development of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Planar Flow Casting Process.
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B,volume 40, pages411–429; [4] Sowjanya Madireddi, (2018).
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 266, April 2019, Pages 518-529
Journal of Electronic Materials volume 48, pages1324–1329; [10] B.

Numerical Simulation of the Temperature Field in Multi-layer Powder-feeding Laser Cladding Forming Zhang Jun, Song Jian Li, Li Yong Tang,Chen Fei School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China Keywords：Laser Cladding Forming; Numerically Simulation; Temperature Field; Element Birth and Death; Temperature Gradient Abstract: The numerically simulation of temperature field was carried out by the ANSYS software in multi-layer powder-feeding laser cladding forming. 3-D finite element model was found, which nonlinear characteristics of the material thermal properties and the boundary conditions of the convective transfer heat was considered; The process of powder falling into the substrate and cladding element growing was accomplished by “Element Birth and Death technology” in the process of numerical simulation.
Therefore, this paper adopts moving of the Gaussian heat source model as laser heat source model, using the “Element Birth and Death technology” to achieve powder- feeding process, using the ANSYS finite element software to simulate the temperature field of multi-layer powder-feeding laser cladding forming, it has a important significance to the choice of technological parameters in the process of laser cladding forming. 2, Building finite element model 2.1 Cladding technological parameters and the selection of materials The substrate material selects as Q235 steel, the cladding material selects as 316L stainless steel.
Research Situation and Development of Laser Rapid Prototyping Technology[J].Chinese Journal of Jiu jiang University. 2005, (1)
Chinese Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology 2011,(1)
Chinese Journal of the weld..2007,(7).

Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100095, China 2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China a. xyubiam@sina.com b. zheng_ji@tju.edu.cn c.slli@tju.edu.cn Keywords: Sol-gel process; ZnO2; Al3+-doped; Electric conductivity Abstract.
And the electric resirtitivity of Al3+-doped ZnO materials was 104 times higher than that of pure ZnO materials.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2007, 189(1-3): 379-383 [8] Cox, S.
Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2010, 93(10): 3088-3091

Also, for equilibrium reactions, this process combines the benefits of the reaction with distillation to improve conversion through continuous and instant recycling of unconverted materials and separation of products.
International Journal of Science and Research, 4(7) (2015) 1218-1224
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 9(2) (2014) 98-108
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 8(8) (2013) 614-624
The Online Journal of Science and Technology, 2(2) (2012) 57-63

Journal of Composite Materials , Vol. 8 pp 253-265, 1974 [2] Belmonte, H.M.S., Manger, C.I.C., Ogin, S.L., Smith, P.A., Lewin, R.,. “ Characterisation and modeling of the notched tensile fracture of woven quasi-isotropic GFRP laminates.”
Journal Composite Materials, Vol. 29, part 7 pp. 982-998, 1995 [5] Backlund, J., Aronsson, C.G., “Tensile Fracture of Laminates with Holes.”
Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 20, pp 259-286, 1986 [6] Hitchen, S.A., Ogin, S.L., Smith, P.A., Soutis, C., “The Effect of Fibre Length on Fracture Toughness and Notchness and Notched Strength of Short Carbon Fibre/Epoxy Composites.”
Journal Composite Materials, Vol. 25, pp 1476-1498, 1991 [8] Afaghi-Khatibi, A., Ye, L., and Ma, Y.W., “An effective crack growth model for residual strength evaluation of composite laminates with circular holes.”
Journal Composite Materials, Vol. 30, pp 142–163, 1996

He, Liu2 1 School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, P.
In this paper, the co-hydrolysis and co-polycondensation method was empolyed to immobilize the Europium (III) complex into mesoporous SBA-15 materials.
The luminescence behavior of lanthanide hybrid mesoporous materials have been investigated at roomtemperature.
Xu, Journal of Solid State Chemistry. 183 (2010) 1409
Guo, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 210 (2010) 36

Kiritani, Microstructural change of ultrafine-grained aluminum during high-speed plastic deformation, Materials Science and Engineering.
Kestens, Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of AA1100 aluminum sheet processed by accumulative roll bonding, Materials Science and Engineering.
Toroghinejad, Nano-grained 70/30 brass strip produced by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process, Materials Science and Engineering.
Barnett, Electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) characterization of warm rolled and accumulative roll bonding (ARB) processed ferrite, journal of materials processing technology. 209 (2009) 1436–44
Szpunar, Textural evolution of nanograined 70/30 brass produced by accumulative roll-bonding, Materials Science and Engineering. 527 (2010) 2050–56