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Introduction Geographic Information System (GIS) is a technological system, supported by computer hardware and software, that provides information for planning, management, decision and research via using the theories of system engineering and information science to manage and analyze, scientifically and synthetically, the geographic data with spatial connotation.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is to establish architectural model on the basis of relevant information and data in construction project, with five characteristics as visualization, coordination, simulation, optimization and plot.
Therefore, the effective combination of GIS and BIM, by integrating efficiently the data from various stages in metro construction, could provide strong comprehensive technical support for different stages and decisions.
The Application of GIS in Metro Construction Known to manage spatial data, GIS’s core feature is the descriptions of the topography and distribution of existing buildings.
In addition, reduction of rework, scrap projects and changes will even lead to the reduction of cost.

In this paper, the images of droplet/wire, and the transient data of welding current and arc voltage were simultaneously recorded to study the influence of peak arcing current, background arcing current and tail-out time on the stability of short circuiting transfer process.
A data acquisition card in combination with the industrial PC was used to acquire voltage and current data, and display the results in a graphical format.
Both image-processing and data-analyzing algorithms were designed to display the droplet/wire image and voltage & current waveforms on the computer screen simultaneously.
The measured data were analyzed with the help of a computer program yielding values of arc time (ta) and short circuit time (ts), bridge neck-down time tn.
Hirata, Spatter reduction in gas metal arc welding of stainless steel sheets using controlled bridge transfer process, Sci.

Little research data about how to analyze the impact of underground mining on the slope stability has been found abroad [2].
Now, the slope stability decrease and the reduction should be determined according to the length of the potential sliding surface and the rock mass strength indexes in the collapse area.
The reduction should be controlled by the length of the potential sliding surface and the weakening degree of the rock strength parameters.
Underground mining area γ β Underground mining area γ β Underground mining area β γ (a) Sliding type failure (b) Sliding-collapse type failure (c) Collapse type failure Fig. 4 Failure model of counter-tilt slope under combined surface and underground mining Example analysis To prove the above discussion, RFPA-SRM, which is a analyzing soft based on the strength reduction theory developed by Northeastern University (in China), was applied to simulate the failure mode and the stability of the counter-tilt slope under simple surface mining and that under combined surface and underground mining respectively aiming at the top slope in Pingzhuang Western Surface Mine, then the displacement isolines (Fig. 5) of the slope after damage were obtained.
The underground mined spatial position affects the stability and the failure mode of the slope dramatically, and the reduction should be controlled by the length of the potential sliding surface and the weakening degree of the rock strength parameters, thus, the limit equilibrium method to calculate the slope stability under combined surface and underground mining was put forward.

The mechanism observed in many severe plastic deformed metals are governed by a continuous reduction of cell block size with increasing strain followed by grain subdivision.
The equivalent extrusion reduction for frictionless extrusion given by "N" passes through ECAE is: RE=Ao/ Af = exp (2N cot θ/√3) (4) Where RA is the area reduction of the cross section of the billet from initial Ao to the final area Af.
It can be noticed, according of equation (4), that for die angle 2θ = 90 o and N = 4, by ECAE, the equivalent strain ε is equal to 4.60 and the equivalent extrusion reduction RE is equal to 101.50 [5].
The ECAE facilities (die and punch) together with a load cell and the inductive displacement sensor were set up in a 200 kN hydraulic press During each extrusion process, the extrusion load and punch displacement were recorded by use of an experimental data aquisition system.

PCA is used for feature extraction and dimension reduction.
Where the entire dimension reduction is noted for different underwater images.
Then it was used in image mosaic, recognition, retrieval and etc. where PCA-SIFT (Principal Component Analysis- Scale Invariant Feature Transform) is used for dimension reduction and feature detection for underwater images.
[3] Yan Ke1, Rahul Sukthankar2, "PCA-SIFT: A More Distinctive Representation for Local Image Descriptors", Citeseerx [4] Nattachai Watcharapinchai , Supavadee Aramvith , Supakom Siddhichai and Sanparith Marukatat, "Dimensionality Reduction of SIFT using PCA for Object Categorization", 2008 International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS2008) [5] David G.
[6] Dimitris Achlioptas, Frank McSherry and Bernhard Sch¨olkopf, "Sampling Techniques for Kernel Methods", citeceerx 2002 [7] Liefeng Bo, Cristian Sminchisescu , University of Bonn, "Efficient Match Kernels between Sets of Features for Visual Recognition", NIPS Conference 2009 [8] Silvia Silva da Costa Botelho1 , Paulo Lilles Jorge Drews Junior , Mônica da Silva Figueiredo ,Celina Haffele Da Rocha , Gabriel Leivas Oliveira1, "Appearance-based odometry and mapping with feature descriptors for underwater robots", Journal of the Brazilian Computer Society, vol. 15 issue (3) P.No.47-54.year 2009 [9] Andrzej Śluzek, "Retrieval of Relevant Visual Data in Selected Machine Vision Tasks: Examples of Hardwarebased and Software-based Solutions", World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol.56, P.No.215-220, year 2009 [10] Josef Sivic and Andrew Zisserman, "Video Google: A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos", IEEE International Conference on

Results and Discussion Chemical Analysis From the analysis of Figure 1 it is possible to observe that there was a reduction of 70% of the carbon content before and after the heat treatment.
The final annealing has as one of the objectives to promote decarbonation, since carbon in solid solution, as well as other impurities such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen causes the anchoring of the walls of the domain, which causes the reduction of the magnetic losses from the plot Hysteretic, in addition to restricting grain growth.
Therefore, decarburization is important for the optimization of the magnetic properties directly because it causes the reduction of C in solid solution and the volumetric fraction of carbides in the metal matrix, and indirectly, to allow grain growth and decrease residual stresses.
The material analyzed is a low carbon steel, with 300 to 400 ppm of carbon before the heat treatment, but after the annealing in decarbonizing atmosphere there was a visible reduction of the level of carbon in solid solution, however the contents found are within the range suggested by the Literature where there is a possibility of magnetic aging.
Data obtained from the Epstein test with induction of 1.5 T The hysteretic losses can be seen in Figure 5, the sample 2 presented the highest value of hysteretic losses both before and after the heat treatment, this fact can be explained based on the grain size of the material that in both situations presented the smallest grain size.

In view of the comprehensive reduction rate increased year by year resulting in the actual tax rate decreased year by year during the Xinjiang pilot [1], it should increase the rate properly on existing foundation, it can increase by 1%.
Because of the different oil and gas quality, it should take the policy of low tax rate for the heavy oil, high pour-point oil, high sulfur natural gas and EOR, unifying the reduction 40%, and applying higher collection rate for the oil and gas of high quality and easy exploitation.
The weight measurement of the oil and gas quality: in view of the increment of the comprehensive reduction rate resulting in the decrement of the actual collection rate when Xinjiang took ad valorem, it suggested that calculating the sales income proportion of the inferior oil and high quality oil of every oil field once every 3 years, and the state taxation departments should work together with the oil and gas enterprises to complete the calculation.
Identifying the development stages of the oil and gas fields: according to the calculating experience of the comprehensive reduction rate in Xinjiang, it suggested that the competent departments of taxation should investigate and collect the evidence uniformly, and carry on a comprehensive survey of the oil gas fields every 3 years.
Table 2 The declining rate of crude oil production of Daqing Oilfield from 2002 to 2011 Years The actual production of crude oil [Ten thousand tons] The declining rate of production 2002 5000 — 2003 4840 3.2% 2004 4640 4.13% 2005 4495 3.125% 2006 4340.5 3.44% 2007 4169.8 3.93% 2008 4020 3.59% 2009 4000 0.5% 2010 4000 0 2011 4000 0 Weighted average Average decreasing amount: 1 million tons Average decreasing rate: 2.3% According to data analysis, the average decreasing rate of production of Daqing Oilfield is 2.3% since 2002, so the influence coefficient of the oil and gas development stage is K1=0.9.

Nevertheless, the available data show that additional prestressing of the floor slab lead to significant reduction of slab deflection not only in the prestressed span but also in smaller non-prestressed span that was influenced by deflection reduction of larder span via mutual load bearing mid girder.
Nevertheless, the prestressing of the floor panel in the second loading test lead to deflections reduction that is apparent from Tab. 1.
Depending on the load step, the reduction of floor structures deflection is in the range from 20 to 40%.

The tensile properties are summarized in Table 1 namely, 0.2% yield stress (YS), ultimate tensile stress (UTS), elongation (EL) and reduction of area (RA).
Results from the creep tests at 500°C are summarized in Table 2, which show the values of primary creep time (tp) defined as time to the onset of secondary creep, secondary creep rate ( sε& ), strain at fracture (εf), time to rupture (tf) and reduction of area (RA).
Table 2 - Creep data at 500°C.
Coating σσσσ [MPa] tp [h] sε& [1/h] tf [h] εεεεf [mm/mm] RA [%] Ceramic 520 0.24 3.4 × 10 -2 2.24 0.1056 45.73 Metallic 520 0.0667 4.4 × 10 -2 1,7167 0.1318 57.32 The highest values of tp and the reduction of the steady-state creep rate demonstrate that the higher creep resistance of Ti-6Al-4V is observed in ceramic samples.
The highest values of tp and the reduction of the steady-state creep rate demonstrate that the higher creep resistance of Ti-6Al-4V is observed in ceramic samples.

(1) where n was the number of data points, yi was the vertical coordinate of the image, and yi was the mean value of yi.
Additionally, the electrochemical tests including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) were also performed in CHI660E electrochemical workstation (CHI660E, made by Shanghai CH Instruments Co., Ltd., China), which provided a wealth of information with certain parameters that aided in assessment of the mechanisms of reduction and nucleation of NiCo electrodeposition on Ru/C multilayer film.
For the obtained LSV plot in Fig.4 (a), when the potential was scanned negatively, the cathodic current was relatively low at starting potential, and gradually increased at −0.74 V, which corresponded to the cathodic reduction and deposition process.
(a) Reduction behavior (b) Nucleation mechanism (c) Dimensionless processing for (b) Fig. 4.
After that, the electrochemical reduction behavior and nucleation process was investigated, and a further discussion of the resulting crystal structure was held.