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For linear elastic problem, the unknown parameter and measured value can be represented as the linear equation （1） Where, is the coefficient matrix of unknown parameter, is the array of unknown parameter, is the array of measured data.
The elastic modulus and the reduction coefficient are shown in Table 2.
Inversion results of the elastic modulus Group Elastic modulus （MPa） Reduction coefficient 1 31186 90.4% 2 30392 88.1% 3 29521 85.6% 4 28700 83.2% Fig. 3 The elastic modulus (group 1~4) Inversion results of effective pre-stress According to the monitoring deflections of the main section of the bridge in service at different time, four groups are considered.

Weather data were provided by the software from location Bratislava, Slovakia.
The reduction of indoor air and surface temperature by enlarging the thickness of the partition wall is mostly dependent on soil composition and most visible in both extreme orientations west/east.
The reduction due to thickness of the partition wall seems similar in other orientations.

Because the signal can be analyzed by wavelet analysis in time domain and frequency domain, it can better distinguish the mutant part and noise of the signal, so as to realize the reduction of signal.
On this basis, put forward a new denoising method of wavelet threshold, the simulation results show that the improved method has better noise reduction effect. 1 The existing wavelet denoising method 1.1 Wavelet decomposition and reconstruction method According to the idea of multi-resolution analysis, Mallet algorithm is proposed for fast algorithm of decomposition and reconstruction of wavelet.
If fk is the discrete sampling data of signal f(t), fk=c0, K, signal f(t) orthogonal wavelet transform decomposition formula: (1) Among them: Cj,k as the scale coefficient; dj,k as the wavelet coefficient; h,g is a pair of quadrature mirror filter banks; j decomposition; N for discrete sampling points.

Meanwhile, for the successful commercialization of 4H-SiC power devices, a continued improvement in material properties including reduction of defects in 150 mm 4H-SiC wafers is still needed.
It is well known that the basal plane dislocations (BPDs) in epitaxial layers cause serious degradation of 4H-SiC bipolar devices through the dissociation of BPDs into Shockley-type stacking faults upon minority carrier injection and recombination, resulting in the local reduction of carrier lifetimes and increase in leakage current [4].
Summary We have presented PL intensity mapping and KOH etching data characterizing the glide of basal plane dislocations (BPDs) during 150 mm 4H-SiC epitaxial growth by a hot-wall reactor.

From a simple data uploading and downloading to the hybrid transmission of voice, data, image,all these requires the network to have a certain quality of service assurance capabilities[2].
Car network node characteristics, mobile features and data flow characteristics.
Its data flow characteristics of the performance of the real-time traffic information, as well as a sudden increase communication load.
Buy used, the vehicle must be in the management of vehicles registered vehicles, as well as owners of a variety of indicators, the data are registered and checked on a regular basis.
Complete data information of the car's "first-generation ID card", "second-generation ID card renewal for the automotive and achieve vehicle networking has laid a good foundation.

Nevertheless, the quantitative evaluations in this particular area are still unclear, as stated in ACI 440 guideline Chapter 4-Durability: “…Due to insufficient data on combined weathering and applied stress, the discussions of weathering, creep, and fatigue are kept separate in this document...” [1].
To account for the structural ductility, strength reduction factor in ACI 440 Eq. (8-7) shall be applied to nominal moment Mn.
Table 3 GFRP Bar Materials Properties GFRP bar size db (mm) Af (mm2) f*fu (MPa) Ef (GPa) 13 12.7 129 700 41 16 15.9 199 660 41 19 19.1 284 620 41 22 22.2 387 585 41 25 25.4 510 550 41 29 28.7 645 515 41 Design stength of GFRP bar ffu =CE f*fu, where CE is environmental reduction factor and is equal to 0.8 and 0.7 for applications not exposed and exposed, respectively, to weather and earth [1].
The difference of sustained stress due to different environmental reduction factors (i.e. 0.8 and 0.7) is limited.
[5] Huang, J. and Aboutaha, R., “Environmental Reduction Factors for GFRP Bars Used as Concrete Reinforcement: New Scientific Approach,” J. of Composites for Construction, ASCE, Vol. 14, Issue 5 (2010b), pp479-486

The oxidation/reduction potential of the catholyte was controlled by a periodic renewal of the catholyte solution when the solution was decolorized.
Analyses and calculation The potential across the resistor was measured at 1min interval using a multimeter ( Ingsens-3030, Ingsens instrument Guangzhou Inc., China), which was connected in parallel, and recorded to a personal computer through a data acquisition system16 controlled with a Labview (National Instrument Inc.
A: an oxygen-saturated aqueous; B: potassium ferricyanide solution Oxygen reduction is the most common cathodic reaction in MFCs.
The slow rate of oxygen reduction on the surface of graphite/carbon electrodes leads to a high reduction overpotential, which is among the most limiting factors in the performance of MFCs [14].

Many studies showed that 20% or less of biodiesel blends with petroleum diesel is the optimum blend to gather better effect of emissions reduction and does not require any special adjustments on engine operating conditions or modifications to the engine and fuel lines as expressed by [2,6,10,18].
Though admittedly, the use of biodiesel in diesel engines give some advantages in oil lubrication and emission reduction, but there are still doubts for boiler users, especially for commercial and industrial sectors, due to concerns about equipment compatibility, engine performance and product sustainability and cost.
In the meantime Jagadish et al. (2011) have confirmed that higher quantities of blending leads to increase of in fuel consumption, but upercharging operation resulted in reduction in fuel consumption [9].
Miller (2008) was tested animal and soy-based biodiesel in fire tube boiler, they reported some significant reductions in emissions of pollutants, but they did not find a significant difference to the efficiency of the boilers, without giving detail informations about the effects on fuel consumption [12].
Data was collected in every 10 minutes.

This is indicative of a reduction of negative charge and deep acceptor-like interface states in the oxide.
With respect to the literature data [6], MOS structures without a preliminary annealing step, using only N2O oxidation, do not show any significant reduction of Dit.
This brings out a significant improvement of the oxide quality and a reduction of the defects density at the SiO2/4H-SiC interface.
Indeed, a considerable increase of the electron channel mobility and the breakdown field of the gate oxide are observed as well as a significant reduction of the threshold voltage.

So the understanding of dislocation formation in mc-Si, and in relation to this, characterisation of resulting dislocation content of wafers from a given crystallisation process are of great significance for cost reduction efforts.
Improving the crystallization process would in general result in reduction of dislocation density and hence BAF which in turn improves Voc.
The model vs. data for wafers from position 245 and upward (right).
Since a reduction in dislocation density does not only imply improvement of the Voc level but also a reduction of its gradient from bottom to the top of the block.