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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Da Qing He, Yi Ke Zhang, Lun Wang, Nan Chen, Ying Shu Li, Jiao Jiao Chen, Yan Cai
Overlying strata is T2gl5 blue-gray fine-grain massive marble.
Disseminated texture: Fine-grained or coarse-grained pyrite is disseminatedly distributed in the ore.
Agglomerate texture: Coarse-grained pyrite occur cloddily.
Structure of the ore 1,Drilling and its number;2,Granite;3,Basalt;4,Tiny granite orebody number Fig.2 The section of line 267 in Wanzijie of Laochang There are euhedral structure,subhedral structure, growth ring-band structure, double-crystal structure, interspersed structure, including structure and fragmentation structure.
Tab.1 Table of sulphur isotope of pyrite In tinny granite in Wanzijie,Laochang(σ34S‰) Sample number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L9 L11 L14 Average value σ34S(‰) 2.1 3 4.4 4.1 3.2 3 3.3 2.2 2.3 3.1 In addition, three cassiterite ore samples are selected to test oxygen isotope and hydrogen isotope, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Disseminated texture: Fine-grained or coarse-grained pyrite is disseminatedly distributed in the ore.
Agglomerate texture: Coarse-grained pyrite occur cloddily.
Structure of the ore 1,Drilling and its number;2,Granite;3,Basalt;4,Tiny granite orebody number Fig.2 The section of line 267 in Wanzijie of Laochang There are euhedral structure,subhedral structure, growth ring-band structure, double-crystal structure, interspersed structure, including structure and fragmentation structure.
Tab.1 Table of sulphur isotope of pyrite In tinny granite in Wanzijie,Laochang(σ34S‰) Sample number L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L9 L11 L14 Average value σ34S(‰) 2.1 3 4.4 4.1 3.2 3 3.3 2.2 2.3 3.1 In addition, three cassiterite ore samples are selected to test oxygen isotope and hydrogen isotope, and the results are shown in Table 2.
Online since: January 2007
Authors: S.L. Ko, Jung Il Park, Yuri Mikhailovich Baron
An increase of more than four
pieces in the number of magnets does not produce a
sufficient increase in B, as shown in Fig. 2.
This system has two (or several) steel poles and a corresponding number of working gaps with a onemagnet column (see Fig. 1, b).
The directions of the cutting speed for the powder grains differed according to the positions on the work surface.
The lengths of the contact paths of the powder grains also differed at each burr location (see Table 1).
Type I allows for the keeping of two brushes of powder grains (see Fig. 8, a).
This system has two (or several) steel poles and a corresponding number of working gaps with a onemagnet column (see Fig. 1, b).
The directions of the cutting speed for the powder grains differed according to the positions on the work surface.
The lengths of the contact paths of the powder grains also differed at each burr location (see Table 1).
Type I allows for the keeping of two brushes of powder grains (see Fig. 8, a).
Online since: August 2007
Authors: Yvonne Menke, Stuart Hampshire, N. Schneider, L.K.L. Falk
The properties of the liquid phase sintering medium will determine the
densification rate and the extent of grain growth, and thereby the grain shape and size distribution of
the sintered material [7-9].
The formation of glass-ceramics in yttrium and rare earth Si-Al-O-N systems has been addressed in a number of studies [15-17].
The β-Si3N4 grains did not contain any detectable amounts of dissolved aluminium.
Glassy films were present also between these crystals and the adjacent β-Si3N4 grain as well as at the β-Si3N4 grain boundaries.
The glass appears with medium bright contrast, and the image feature with bright contrast consist of a number of secondary crystals.
The formation of glass-ceramics in yttrium and rare earth Si-Al-O-N systems has been addressed in a number of studies [15-17].
The β-Si3N4 grains did not contain any detectable amounts of dissolved aluminium.
Glassy films were present also between these crystals and the adjacent β-Si3N4 grain as well as at the β-Si3N4 grain boundaries.
The glass appears with medium bright contrast, and the image feature with bright contrast consist of a number of secondary crystals.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Yuan Yuan Zhang, Shu Ran Lv
There is a certain relationship between tailing s’ particle size, the proportion of grain group and their physical and mechanical properties.
However it fails to fully reflect the complexity nature of the soil, especially for fine-grained tailings, its mineral composition, particle shape, and colloidal content are important factors to affect its physical and mechanical properties.
Particle test is the means to determine the grain groups’ percentage share of the total mass of the soil, which mainly includes mechanical analysis and physical analysis.
According to analyze the tailing collected at the scene is fine-grained soil, the density meter method is adopted here.
Table 5 The result of Triaxial consolidated drained (CD) test relative density (Dr) Number of groups Number of sample pore space ratio before consolidated (e0) pore space ratio after consolidated (e) confining pressure s3(kPa) 0.47 1 3-1 0.820 0.805 100 1 3-2 0.820 0.810 200 1 3-3 0.820 0.800 300 1 3-4 0.820 0.774 400 0.58 2 2-1 0.750 0.723 100 2 2-2 0.750 0.722 200 2 2-3 0.750 0.723 300 2 2-4 0.750 0.723 400 0.73 3 1-1 0.650 0.634 100 3 1-2 0.650 0.638 200 3 1-3 0.650 0.634 300 3 1-4 0.650 0.614 400 relative density (Dr) Number of groups Number of sample deviatoric stress s1-s3(kPa) cohesive strength c(kPa) internal friction angle (°) 0.47 1 3-1 226.00 3.63 30.17 1 3-2 406.40 1 3-3 605.06 1 3-4 833.14 0.58 2 2-1 321.00 4.29 35.03 2 2-2 506.20 2 2-3 817.82 2 2-4 1115.20 0.73 3 1-1 383.00 4.50 39.43 3 1-2 712.40 3 1-3 1021.17 3 1-4 1440.27 Stress-strain curve Mohr envelope Fig.2
However it fails to fully reflect the complexity nature of the soil, especially for fine-grained tailings, its mineral composition, particle shape, and colloidal content are important factors to affect its physical and mechanical properties.
Particle test is the means to determine the grain groups’ percentage share of the total mass of the soil, which mainly includes mechanical analysis and physical analysis.
According to analyze the tailing collected at the scene is fine-grained soil, the density meter method is adopted here.
Table 5 The result of Triaxial consolidated drained (CD) test relative density (Dr) Number of groups Number of sample pore space ratio before consolidated (e0) pore space ratio after consolidated (e) confining pressure s3(kPa) 0.47 1 3-1 0.820 0.805 100 1 3-2 0.820 0.810 200 1 3-3 0.820 0.800 300 1 3-4 0.820 0.774 400 0.58 2 2-1 0.750 0.723 100 2 2-2 0.750 0.722 200 2 2-3 0.750 0.723 300 2 2-4 0.750 0.723 400 0.73 3 1-1 0.650 0.634 100 3 1-2 0.650 0.638 200 3 1-3 0.650 0.634 300 3 1-4 0.650 0.614 400 relative density (Dr) Number of groups Number of sample deviatoric stress s1-s3(kPa) cohesive strength c(kPa) internal friction angle (°) 0.47 1 3-1 226.00 3.63 30.17 1 3-2 406.40 1 3-3 605.06 1 3-4 833.14 0.58 2 2-1 321.00 4.29 35.03 2 2-2 506.20 2 2-3 817.82 2 2-4 1115.20 0.73 3 1-1 383.00 4.50 39.43 3 1-2 712.40 3 1-3 1021.17 3 1-4 1440.27 Stress-strain curve Mohr envelope Fig.2
Online since: March 2004
Authors: K.H. Yang, Long Chen Duan, Bing Suo Pan
High hardness, fine petrogenetic mineral grains and compact structure are the three
characteristics of hard and compact rock.
Its specification, number and performance were adjusted to different rock and performance of diamond-impregnated layer.
This kind of rock comprises fine petrogenetic mineral grains which are siliceous cemented.
Owing to low drilling efficiency (sometimes, lower than 0.3m/h), little and fine-grained drilling cuttings is produced, from which petty wear of matrix material results, thus it is difficult for diamonds to be exposed.
A3B3C2 can be used for drilling in slightly abrasive rock of relatively coarse petrogenetic mineral grain.
Its specification, number and performance were adjusted to different rock and performance of diamond-impregnated layer.
This kind of rock comprises fine petrogenetic mineral grains which are siliceous cemented.
Owing to low drilling efficiency (sometimes, lower than 0.3m/h), little and fine-grained drilling cuttings is produced, from which petty wear of matrix material results, thus it is difficult for diamonds to be exposed.
A3B3C2 can be used for drilling in slightly abrasive rock of relatively coarse petrogenetic mineral grain.
Online since: June 2020
Authors: Tomas Kolomaznik, Radka Pernicová
Silicon carbide in particular has been the focus of a number of research groups and organizations in the past 15 years especially in electronics engineering [1].
SiC increasing especially mechanical parameters of mixture because these materials have number 9 on Mohs hardness scale [4].
The fundamental difference between the individual tests is the number of load cycles and the methodology for measuring the thickness loss.
Recycled SiC material is usually fine-grained and average size of grains is in µm [7].
The instrument wheel starts to rotate at a constant rate for a number of cycles (according to the required standard).
SiC increasing especially mechanical parameters of mixture because these materials have number 9 on Mohs hardness scale [4].
The fundamental difference between the individual tests is the number of load cycles and the methodology for measuring the thickness loss.
Recycled SiC material is usually fine-grained and average size of grains is in µm [7].
The instrument wheel starts to rotate at a constant rate for a number of cycles (according to the required standard).
Online since: September 2006
Authors: Wolfgang H. Müller
However, in contrast to the traditional
formalism the ripening between the Cu6Sn5 grains does not occur at a constant volume.
Rather there is a supply of grain material due to the interfacial reactions between the solder alloy and the copper.
By balancing the interfacial reaction and adding the corresponding flux due to LSW-ripening Gusak and Tu [9] finally arrive at the following equation for the growth of the mean radius of Cu6Sn5 grains (n denotes the total number of atoms per unit volume in the molten solder, in is the total number of atoms per unit volume in the Cu6Sn5 grains, D stands for the diffusivity of Cu in the molten solder, 11/6=iC identifies the atomic fraction of Cu in Cu6Sn5, msc is the equilibrium particle concentration of Cu at the interface between the molten solder and the Cu-substrate, mgc is the equilibrium particle concentration of Cu at the interface between the molten solder and Cu6Sn5 and δ represents the distance between the grains - the channel width: ( ) ( )31 913.0 tktr ⋅= with ( ) i i C ccD n n k δ mg ms 2 9 − = . (17) The number of grains N decreases according to a 3 2− t - law, because of the constant interface area between scallops and Cu-substrate:
The area A of the intermetallic layer and the number of grains N was determined asd the mean grain radius followed from: N A r π = . (19) Fig. 9 clearly indicates a linear relationship between 31 t and r as we plot r over 31 t .
Fig. 9: The development of the mean grain radius of intermetallic scallops for SnAgCu + In and SnAgCu + In + Nd on polished Cu substrate.
Rather there is a supply of grain material due to the interfacial reactions between the solder alloy and the copper.
By balancing the interfacial reaction and adding the corresponding flux due to LSW-ripening Gusak and Tu [9] finally arrive at the following equation for the growth of the mean radius of Cu6Sn5 grains (n denotes the total number of atoms per unit volume in the molten solder, in is the total number of atoms per unit volume in the Cu6Sn5 grains, D stands for the diffusivity of Cu in the molten solder, 11/6=iC identifies the atomic fraction of Cu in Cu6Sn5, msc is the equilibrium particle concentration of Cu at the interface between the molten solder and the Cu-substrate, mgc is the equilibrium particle concentration of Cu at the interface between the molten solder and Cu6Sn5 and δ represents the distance between the grains - the channel width: ( ) ( )31 913.0 tktr ⋅= with ( ) i i C ccD n n k δ mg ms 2 9 − = . (17) The number of grains N decreases according to a 3 2− t - law, because of the constant interface area between scallops and Cu-substrate:
The area A of the intermetallic layer and the number of grains N was determined asd the mean grain radius followed from: N A r π = . (19) Fig. 9 clearly indicates a linear relationship between 31 t and r as we plot r over 31 t .
Fig. 9: The development of the mean grain radius of intermetallic scallops for SnAgCu + In and SnAgCu + In + Nd on polished Cu substrate.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Mahmoud M. Tash, S. Alkahtani
They observed that grain boundary regions are important nucleation sites even after high strains.
These designs are designated 2k-p where k is the number of factors which may be evaluated in a full factorial design of size 2k, and p is the number of extra factors to be included [16].
Most of the grains appear to be clean.
It is possible that these grains were saved by heavy precipitation along the grain boundaries, which prevented their movement.
It apparently leads to recrystallization and grain refinement of the microstructure. 3.
These designs are designated 2k-p where k is the number of factors which may be evaluated in a full factorial design of size 2k, and p is the number of extra factors to be included [16].
Most of the grains appear to be clean.
It is possible that these grains were saved by heavy precipitation along the grain boundaries, which prevented their movement.
It apparently leads to recrystallization and grain refinement of the microstructure. 3.
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Ling Kang Ji, Hong Yuan Chen, Hui Feng, Ji Ming Zhang
Phase ratio, grain size and dislocation density, precipitation, texture, etc. have an effect to the strain hardening behavior of pipeline steel.
A large number of studies have suggested that the strain-hardening behavior of the pipeline steel with different microstructure characteristics also have obvious difference [4, 5].
In the meantime, due to the grain refinement and dislocation strengthening which is the main strengthening way for TMCP pipeline steel, the increase of steel grade will cause the grain of bainite and ferrite refining and the grain boundaries increasing which will hinder the movement of movable dislocations, therefore the dislocation density increases significantly.
The reason is that in dual phase microstructure, as the soft phase yields the ferrite at low stress level and deform firstly, and with the grain internal dislocation multiplication, pile-up and tangling, the deformation resistance increases, showing the higher ability of strain hardening.
Phase ratio, grain size and dislocation density, precipitation, texture, etc. have an effect to the strain hardening behavior of pipeline steel
A large number of studies have suggested that the strain-hardening behavior of the pipeline steel with different microstructure characteristics also have obvious difference [4, 5].
In the meantime, due to the grain refinement and dislocation strengthening which is the main strengthening way for TMCP pipeline steel, the increase of steel grade will cause the grain of bainite and ferrite refining and the grain boundaries increasing which will hinder the movement of movable dislocations, therefore the dislocation density increases significantly.
The reason is that in dual phase microstructure, as the soft phase yields the ferrite at low stress level and deform firstly, and with the grain internal dislocation multiplication, pile-up and tangling, the deformation resistance increases, showing the higher ability of strain hardening.
Phase ratio, grain size and dislocation density, precipitation, texture, etc. have an effect to the strain hardening behavior of pipeline steel
Online since: September 2017
Authors: I.A. Mustaeva, M.A. Golovnin, S.V. Danilov
The central layers of sheet were characterized by long deformed grains (the size in RD exceeded 600 μm, Fig. 1a, e).
The size in the ND of recrystallized grains (~ 100 μm) were higher order than the size of deformed grains (~ 20 μm), i.e. the structural transformation has realized with a relatively small quantity of recrystallization nucleus.
After the B regime, the structure of through- thickness sheet consisted of deformed grains long in RD (Fig. 2a, b, e).
Long grains consisted of a quantity of fragments with similar orientations, mainly separated by low-angle boundaries.
The central layers of deformed grains with orientations close to (010) [100] (Figs. 1e, 2e) contained, in addition to the low-angle, a significant a number of high angle boundaries, part of which were characterized by disorientation angles substantially greater than 15º (from 15 to 40º).
The size in the ND of recrystallized grains (~ 100 μm) were higher order than the size of deformed grains (~ 20 μm), i.e. the structural transformation has realized with a relatively small quantity of recrystallization nucleus.
After the B regime, the structure of through- thickness sheet consisted of deformed grains long in RD (Fig. 2a, b, e).
Long grains consisted of a quantity of fragments with similar orientations, mainly separated by low-angle boundaries.
The central layers of deformed grains with orientations close to (010) [100] (Figs. 1e, 2e) contained, in addition to the low-angle, a significant a number of high angle boundaries, part of which were characterized by disorientation angles substantially greater than 15º (from 15 to 40º).